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MPLS

, , - (, Frame Relay) .

, MPLS, . (). ( ). MPLS (OSPF, IS-IS, BGP-4) ( MPLS , , , PNNI ). , , , . ,

MPLS, , Frame Relay , . . MPLS (Forwarding Equivalence Class FEC). (VPI/VCI) DLCI Frame Relay. FEC , . , .

. , . , , .

 

, MPLS . (Forwarding Equivalence Class, FEC), . MPLS, , (Label Switching Router, LSR). , .

LSR , OSPF, BGP, IS-IS. , , . (Label Distribution Protocol, LDP), (, OSPF, BGP, IS-IS, RSVP .).

LSR MPLS (Label Switching Path, LSP). LSR , , - (FEC), , . , LSR , , . ( FEC .) , , LSP.

. , IP- , .

7.1 MPLS

MPLS (. 7.1). , MPLS , MPLS. . FEC, , , , , LSR. , , MPLS .

, MPLS IP- , . , LSP , .

FEC IP-, , , , LSP , RSVP . , , MPLS .

FEC , LSP, ( ). MPLS , . LSR , WRED, WFQ CBWFQ, MPLS .

MPLS IP- , , .

 

 

, FEC. .

(Virtual Path Identifier, VPI) (Virtual Circuit Identifier, VCI) ATM. LER (Label Edge Router, LSR-EDGE) , . MPLS . 4.2

 

32 (4 ): 12 20 .

20- , . 0 2 - 1, ( MPLS IETF).

EXP - 3 . MPLS- IP- (CoS), DiffServ.

TTL (8 ) time-to-live - TTL IP-. , IP- .

, . S - - .

LSR. LSR , (. . 4.1).

, LSR. LSR , , . , , . .

2 3 .

 

MPLS , . / (push/pop). .

MPLS RFC 3032 MPLS Label Stack Encoding, 2001 . . 7.2 .7.3 .

 

7.2

 

 

 

7.3

 

. 4 . , . MPLS . 32 :

MPLS 2 3. MPLS , , .

, ATM Frame Relay, MPLS- . , ATM MPLS- VPI/VCI, Frame Relay DLCI. , MPLS IP- , MPLS- .

. 4.4, , MPLS 2. MPLS 2, ATM FR, MPLS, Ethernet . IP- 3.

. 7.4 MPLS shim header (-), , 2.5 .

7.4 MPLS

 

MPLS ( ) , 2. ATM, Frame Relay, PPP, Ethernet, FDDI , MPLS.

, (VCI/VPI ATM, DLCI Frame Relay ..) . IETF MPLS , , , MPLS . MPLS :

ATM, VCI VPI, .4.5;

AAL5 ATM (ATM Adaptation Layer 5) SAR (Segmentation and Reassembly), ATM- , ( MPLS-);

Frame Relay, DLCI (Data Link Connection Identifier), . 4.6;

4- , (shim), , . 7.7, .

 

MPLS ATM . 7.5.

 

7.5 MPLS ATM

 

ATM (5 ) :

GFC - (4 ) ;

VCI - (16 );

VPI - (8 );

PTI - (3 ):

;

CLP - (1 ): ;

- (8 )

.

 

MPLS ATM , ATM IP. ATM-, MPLS (ATM-LSR), TCP/IP ATM 53 . MPLS VCI/VPI ATM, MPLS ATM.

 

MPLS Frame Relay (FR) . ATM, FR-, MPLS, TCP/IP FR. FR DLCI FR. MPLS FR, , FR. MPLS FR Q.922 2 , 4 . . 7.6.

 

 

. 7.6 MPLS FR

 

: DLCI 10,16 24

 

ATM Frame Relay MPLS , MPLS . , MPLS , , DWDM (Dense Wave Division Multiplexing) , .

 

, . 7.7, - (Point-to-Point ) Ethernet ( ). MPLS- .

IETF, . , LCP NCR

 

 

. 7.7 MPLS- Ethernet

 

 

MPLS Ethernet, Ethernet . . MPLS Ethernet, , , MPLS. Ethernet , Ethernet-. Ethernet- 10 /, Ethernet- .

Ethertype Ethernet 8847 8848 . Ethernet, 802.3 LLC/SNAP.

, , 2 3, , , , . , , , , , .

LSP

7.8

(LSP) , (.7.8).. , LSP LSR 0, LSR 1, LSR 3, LSR 4 LSR 5. LSR 0 LSR 5 , , (ingress) (egress) . LSR 1 LSR 3 LSP ; , . , LSP . LSP LSR . , LSR 4 LSR 5 , .

LSP , . , FEC. (ingress, head-end); , LSP, (egress, tail-end).

 





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