annotation . , , , , .
:
1. , , .
2. , .
3. , , .
4. - - : , , ..
5. , , , .
() , . , , , , . , ( ), , , , . . , , . 1000 .
. .
1) 譭 . | 1) From the well the crude oil is usually transported to a refinery in pipelines or tanker ships. |
2) (, ) . | 2) The rocks propertieswere studied. |
: study, investigate, examine, consider, analyze.
Examples:
1) . | 1) A new problem is studied. |
2) . | 2) The cause of the explosion has been investigated. |
3) . | 3) The environmental effects of offshore drilling were examined. |
4) 30 . | 4) Over 30 oil deposits were examined. |
5) . | 5) Several substances were analyzed. |
6) . | 6) New ways of ore mining are considered. |
|
|
, : describe, discuss, outline, present, give, consider etc.
Examples:
1) . | 1) New methods of offshore drilling are described. |
2) . | 2) The design and operating conditions of the device are discussed. |
3) . | 3) The results of these tests have been presented. |
4) . | 4) The main principles were discussed. |
5) . | 5) The short descriptions of the activities of different mining professionals are given. |
6) . | 6) The advantages of the method are outlined. |
obtain, determine, find, establish.
Examples:
1) . | 1) Preliminary data have been obtained. |
2) , , . | 2) In southern Washington, many nearshore faults extend onshore, so the full length of these faults needs to be determined in order to calculate expected earthquake magnitudes. |
3) 歭. | 3) Unique possibilities are found. |
4) () . | 4) The existence of two levels has been established. |
: show, find, present, conclude, apply etc.
Examples:
1) , , . | 1) This property is applied, for instance, in dampers. |
2) () , , . | 2) Pellicular membranes were examined and it was shown that they were thicker than those in other cells. |
3) ( ), . | 3) It is concluded that the model provides a very good fit to the experimental data. |
4) (), . | 4) It was concluded (a conclusion was made) that the changes in the spectra depend on the thermal treatment of the samples. |
, : pay (give) attention to ; emphasize, give emphasis to..., place emphasis on ; particular, special, specific ; great ; primer ; especially, particularly, specially, specifically (); with particular emphasis on (with special attention to) ( , ).
Examples:
1) . . | 1) The buffer solutions were studied. Special attention was paid to the phosphorus concentration in buffer solution. |
2) , , . | 2) Electromechanical actuators working on the principle of thermoelasticity were described with particular attention to the different operation regimes. |
3) . . | 3) The structure of rocks is studied. Granite rocks are especially studied. |
|
|
: conclude ( ); make, draw, reach a conclusion, come to a conclusion that () ; it is concluded that , ; lead to a conclusion, make it possible to conclude that, concerning, as to , , ; from the results it is concluded that ; it may be noted that , ; it may be stated that , ; thus, therefore, consequently, as a result , , .
Examples:
1) , p - . | 1) It was concluded that the p-type conduction resulted in a decrease in concentration. |
2) . | 2) A general conclusion is made concerning (as to) the equilibrium shape of crystals. |
3) ( ) . | 3) As a result of rocks studies some practical conclusions were made. |
: propose, suggest, recommend , ; make a suggestion () ; make a suggestion as to how (when, where, what etc.) , (, , . .); it is suggested that (smth.) (should) be done (-) ; it is necessary to do (smth.) (-); need .
Examples:
1) () . | 1) Another method of ore treatment is proposed (suggested, recommended). |
2) . | 2) A new way of oil purification is recommended (suggested). |
3) . , . . | 3) It is necessary that a more thorough study of the phenomenon should be performed |
1. : / C. . . , . . , . . . ., 2010.
2. : / () - . .: . . . , 2012.
3. - - : . / .. , .. ;- .: - .-, 2011