| CH3─ CH3─CH2─ CH3─CH2─CH2─ CH3─CH─ │ CH3 CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─ CH3─CH─ CH2─ │ CH3 . CH3─CH2─CH─ │ CH3 CH3 │ . CH3─C─ │ CH3 CH3 │ CH3─C─CH2─ │ CH3 | CH2 ═CH─
CH2 ═CH─CH2─
() CH ≡C─
CH3 ─ ─
CH3 ─ CH2 ─ ─
CH3─CH2─CH2──
|
1
-(2), -(3), -(4), -(5) .. (= ≡) .
.
CnH2n+2 
- R―OH -
CnH2n 
- 
-
CnH2n-2 
- 
-
CnH2n-2 
- 
-
.
, , ., .
1. , - .
2. , .
3. , .
4. .
2,6--3-
2
| CnH2n+2 | CnH2n | CnH2n-2 | CnH2n-2 | CnHn n ≥ 6 | R―OH |
| 
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| |
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| , - | , , | , | 1,2 1,4 , , | , , | , , , | , , , | , , |
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3
,
| () | |||
| HCOOH | |||
| CH3COOH | |||
| CH3CH2COOH | |||
| CH3(CH2)2COOH | |||
| CH3(CH2)3COOH | |||
| CH3(CH2)4COOH | |||
| CH3(CH2)10COOH | |||
| CH3(CH2)12COOH | |||
| CH3(CH2)14COOH | |||
| CH3(CH2)16COOH | |||
| HOOC¾COOH | |||
| HOOC-CH2-COOH | |||
| HOOC-(CH2)2-COOH | |||
| HOOC-(CH2)3-COOH | |||
| HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH | |||
| CH2=CHCOOH | |||
| CH2=C(CH3)COOH | |||
| CHºCCOOH | |||
| -9- | CH3(CH2)7=(CH2)7COOH | ||
| -9,12- | CH3(CH2)3 (2 -=)2(CH2)7COOH | ||
| -9,12,15- | CH3 (2 -=)3(CH2)7COOH | ||
| -5,8,11,14- | CH3(CH2)4 (2 -=)4(CH2)2COOH | ||
| - | HOOC-=-COOH | ||
| - | HOOC-=-COOH | ||
| C6H5COOH | |||
| 1,2- | --C6H5 COOH | ||
| 1,4- | --C6H5 -COOH | ||
| 1,3- | --C6H5 -COOH |
4
:
α-D- α-D- α-D--1,4- α-D-
:
α-D- α-D- α-D--1,1- α-D-
5
| ||
| 1. | ||
| Gly | -H | |
| Ala | -CH3 | |
| Val | -CH(CH3)2 | |
| Leu | -CH2-CH(CH3)2 | |
| Ile | -CH(CH3) -CH2-CH3 | |
| 2. , | ||
| Ser | -CH2-OH | |
| Thr | -CHOH-CH3 | |
| Asp | -CH2-COOH | |
| Glu | -CH2-CH2-COOH | |
| Asn | -CH2-CO-NH2 | |
| Gln | -CH2-CH2-CO-NH2 | |
| Lys | -(CH2)4-NH2 | |
| Arg | 
| |
| Cys | -CH2-SH | |
| Met | -CH2-CH2-S- CH3 | |
| 3. , | ||
| Phe | 
| |
| Tir | 
| |
| 4. | ||
| Trp | 
| |
| His | 
| |
| Pro | 
|
|
|
|
6
| + = | + = |
| + = | + = |
| + = | + = |
| + = | + = |
| -5'- | 5'- |
| -5'- | 5- |
| -5'- | 5'- |
| -5'- | 5'- |
| -5'- | 5'- |
| -5'- | 5'- |
| -5'- | 5'- |
| -5'- | 5'- |
