:
= l(f) a(f) l 10lgN; (5.3)
l(f)= l (f) 10lg(l /l) + a(f) (l -l); (5.4)
l(f) = l (1) 20lgf; (5.5)
1(1) - 1 , ( )
l(1024) = 90 20lg(1,024/2)=90-34,19=55,81
l=825 = 0,825 ,
a(f) - , / 1.2;
a(f)=20,876/
- .
l(f)= 55,81 10lg(1,75/0,825) + 20,876 (1,75-0,825)=71,85
= 71,85 20,876*1,75 10lg1=35,32
5.2
.
= + 101 10lgF 10lg(f/2) 10lg h(), (5.6)
10lgh()=1,175 20, ,
= + 121 10lgF 10lg(f/2) 1,175, (5.7)
= 10lg(U2 103/Z),
U = 3,
Z 12 ;
F ;
= 10lg(9*103/74)=20,85
=a(f). ,
a(f) - , / 1.2;
- .
=62
= 20,85 + 121 10lg4 10lg(70) 72,85=44,53
6.
, . , , .
, ∆Up, ∆F
= (∆U 2/12)(2∆F /f), (6.1)
f - .
, , , , . , , , , , . () .
, (. 5.)
W(y)=1/(σ√2π)× exp [-(y-y0)2/2× σ], (6.2)
0 , ;
σ , .
|
|
, 5., , , , . ,
= 0+(ln 10/20) σy2=0+0,1151 σy2, (6.3)
= 100,1,
W |
10-3 |
3.09 σy |
Y0 |
y |
0.1151 σy2 |
Pcp |
P0 = 100.1y0 |
W |
P |
) ) |
) ; ) , .
5
,
10-3 |
10-3 |
0 |
W |
α=Uc/2 |
α=√2/Uc |
3 |
4.933Uc |
4.933Uc |
y |
6
10-3=0,5 exp (-α|U|), U α≈√2/Uc = 4,933 Uc.
Q = 20 lg (U/Uc) = 10 lg (P/)= -
, = +Q, (6.4)
- +3 0.
, , ,
U=U= 0.7746*100.05, (6.5)
, , , - . , , , , . , .
= 0 3,09σ, (6.6)
3,09 - , , < ≤ 10-3. (. 6 ) ( ),
= - Q, (6.7)
(6.3),(6.4),(6.6)
Dc = = 2 Q+3,09σ+0,115σ2. (6.8)
∆U=2U/N, (6.9)
N , N=2m;
mp- .
( ) =0,75, ∆F=3,1 f=8 :
|
|
...=10 lg [/(2)]=10 lg
=10 lg (3/2) + 10 lg(f/∆F)-20 lg D+mp20 lg 2=6mp-D+7,3, . (6.10)
:
:
= yO+ 3s+ Q; (6.11)
= -14+3*6+15=19
= yO- 3s (6.12)
= -14-18=-32
yO - ,
s - .
= P (6.13)
= 19-(-32)=51
.. = = 6mp - D + 7,3. (6.14)
.. (. 2)
m = (.. + - 7,3)/6 (6.15)
m =(26+51-7,3)/6=11
.
N = 2
N = 211=2048
:
s = 2 U / N, (6.16)
U .
U= UMAX = 0.7746∙100.05 Pmax; (6.17)
PMAX = +3 - .
U= UMAX = 0.7746∙100.05 Pmax=0,7746*100,05*3 =1,094 (6.18)
s=2*1,094/2048=0,0012, (6.19)
P = s 2 /12 (6.20)
P =(0,0012)2/12=0,12*10-6
6.1
87,6/13 ∆U 2 , 1. 1-
∆UI = ∆U0, I=1,1; 2i-1∆U0, I=2,7.
∆U0 =2-11 ∆U.
16 (1-16, 17-32,113-128).
U/U = . , 0 ≤ ≤ 1, , ( 7).
I- . 87,6/13.
3
1 | 1 | |||||||
2-∞=0 | 2-7 | 2-6 | 2-5 | 2-4 | 2-3 | 2-2 | 2-1 | |
2-7 | 2-6 | 2-5 | 2-4 | 2-3 | 2-2 | 2-1 | 2-0 =1 |
.= 20lg Xi +80,6 .
i = 2,37
A .= 20lg(Xi 212-I) + 14,4 ,
, = 3.
4
1 | 1 | |||||||
38,455 | 38,482 | 38,482 | 38,482 | 38,482 | 38,482 | 38,482 | ||
38,455 | 44,476 | 44,503 | 44,503 | 44,503 | 44,503 | 44,503 | 44,503 | |
3,156 | 3,312 | 3,625 | 4,25 | 5,5 | 8 | 13 | ||
3,156 | 3,312 | 3,625 | 4,25 | 5,5 | 8 | 13 |
= f ( ) = f ( )
7 = f ( )
8 - = f ( )
7.
7.1 .
, , Δti . ( .11), , .
Δti , , . , , α, , β, , , , , :
|
|
P. π2 Uc2 ((α/)2 + (β/)2),
Uc- .
9 -
ω = 2π/, :
= α/ b = β/,
:
P. ≤ π2 Uc2 (2 + b2).
:
≥10lg (π2 (2 + b2))-1 (4)
() 10lg (n +1), n - , .
, , ( = 125 ), Δti 810 . = 34 . 59 , 2 . , n 61, , ,
= 34 + 10lg (61+ 1) ≈ 52 .
, .
a2S. :
a2S = (5 +(1,5*10-5)2=27,25*10-10
(4) - () . , b :
,
.
b , b, F f = 8 .
30 f = 2048 :
,
- 1920 f = 139264 :
,
8.
, .. , .
, , .
, .. . , , , , .
, - .
, , .
, , .. . , .
|
|
, , l(t)l,
P(t)e-lt .
, 0 t .
t = 1/l
, . , q1(t), q2(t),qN(t) 0t, N . , , .. . .
N
(t) = Õ(1-qi),
i=1
qi .
N
i(t)=Õei-lt = e-l t,
i=1
N
l = åqi.
i=1
t1 = 24 (), t2 = 720 (), t3 = 2160 (3 ), t4 = 4320 (6 ), t5 = 8760 ().
,
= / ( + ).
4
( ) | -1 | |||||
. 7.
.
.
(-1) 2 ; 2 ; 2 ; 2 ; 2 ; ;
10 -
, 1 2
l=2l +Nl
l = = 1/,( -30)
l=2l+Nl+Nl+Nl+Nl
l = = 1/,( -1920)
l,
= l / (1+l )
= ( -30)
= ( -1920)
(5)
,
l = N 2l
l = = 0.000168 1/. ( -30)
l = = 0.00114 1/. ( -1920)
, t1 = 2,
=l(0.7t1)/(1+l )
=0.000168(2.5-0.7.2)/(1+0.000168*2.5) =0.00018. ( -30)
=0.00114(2.5-0.7.2)/(1+0.00114.2.5)=0,0012 ( -1920)
(5) (6)
= +
. = .( -30)
= .( -1920)
8 , - . .
5
l, 1/ | 2.10-6 | 3.10-6 | 3.10-6 | 4.10-6 | 2.10-6 | 10-6 | 3.10-6 | 7.10-6 |
, | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 5.0 |
.
|
|
, , . , , , .
, , . , .
, , , . , , . . , , (, ) , , , , .
1. .. .. .. . - .: , 1980.
2. .. . - .: , 1988.
3. .., .., .. . . - .: , 1995.
4. .., .., .. . .: , 1989.
5. .., .. . - .: , 1982.