, .
:
1. () - .
2. - .
3. - .
4. - .
5. - .
6. - .
.
:
- ( );
- ( );
- ( , , , .);
- ( ).
. . . () .
7. A C++:
"+" -
"-" -
"*" -
"/" -
"%" -
8. ++ :
1) " && ";
2) " || ";
3) "! " .
() .
() . float, double long double. . :
- & ( and),
- | ( OR),
- ^ ( XOR),
- - ( NOT),
- ,
- .
. . , , , . , 0, 1. , 0, 1. .
1). ch=ch & 127;
,
ch='A', .. 11000001
127 01111111
01000001
, 1, 0. "and" .
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2). ch=ch | 128;
,
ch='A', .. 11000001
128 10000000
11000001
: / (on/off). 8 .
3). ch . , On, :
if (ch & 4) printf(" 1, On");
4: 00000 100
( ) . , . : << - >> - .
4). x = 9, : 0000 1001
x=9<<3 : 01001000;
x=9>>3 : 00000001;
x=9>>5 : 00000000;
, . << >> - .
5). unsigned char x=255;
3 3 . :
x=255<<3 : 11111000;
x=11111000>>3 : 00011111.
3. [] { } .
. . : |=, &=, ^=, <<=, >>=.
10. C++ '='. C++, .
- , . - , . , , .
, - ( ), -.
11, 12, 13, 14, 15:D.
- . , . :
a = b*3+c;
cout << \"go go go\";
lseek(fd,0,2);
:
;
. , , .
- , :
{ a=b+2; b++; }
. , , . .
|
|
|
if
; , , i c :
, if .
switch
switch . :
break switch. case , , default. default.
while
, p q . 0.
while (p!= 0) {
*q = *p; //
q = q+1;
p = p+1;
}
*q = 0; // 0
while . , , . , .
. ++ , :
while (*p) *q++ = *p++;
*q = 0;
*p++ : " , p, p."
, p . , :
while (*q++ = *p++);
, p, p , , q, q . , . , . , . C++ ( C) .
for
:
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) q[i]=p[i];
int i = 0;
while (i<10) {
q[i] = p[i];
i++;
}
, , , . ++ . for , .
:
for (i=0; i<10; i++) q[i]=p[i];
, i .
- , . . , , () .
15. (. subroutine) , . . .
: . , , , , . , , .
, . ,
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