. 18 G. . . .
1 , . , , . .
1. Supporting sports
2. A remarkable container design
3. A universal medicine
4. A smart symbol
5. The drink ingredients
6. Good in any season
7. A fan society
8. The drink varieties
A. Coca Cola appeared in Atlanta, Georgia, 1886. Doctor John Pemberton made a special syrup, but he kept its components secret. He added some mineral water to it and took the new product to the chemist's. There the syrup was sold for five cents a glass. Pemberton told everyone that Coca-Cola cured many illnesses, including headaches, stomachaches, and nervous breakdowns.
B. Coca Cola was first sold in ordinary bottles. In 1915, the company held a competition to create a new bottle for their drink. They said it should be a bottle that would make Coca Cola different from all other drinks. Even today the shape of Coca Cola bottle is one of the most recognized packages on the planet..."even in the dark!".
C. The famous Coca Cola symbol was created by John Pemberton's colleague, Mr. Robinson. He thought that two letters "C" would look great in advertising. Besides, the red and white colours were simple and effective. Red was energetic and bright and so would attract young people. As for the style, of writing, it was just popular in the United States during that period.
D. Before the 1930s, Coca Cola was only considered to be a drink for warm weather so the company started a campaign to remind people that Coca Cola was a great choice in any month. For this a talented artist drew pictures of a happy Santa Claus enjoying a drink of Coke. The pictures were published in magazines and made Cola even more popular.
E. Coca Cola was one of the first companies that invested money in public projects. For example, the company is proud to be an old and devoted partner of the Olympic Games. This connection began in 1928 with the Games in Amsterdam. Since then the company has sponsored lots of football, hockey, and basketball competitions.
F. The Coca Cola Collectors Club was formed in 1974 by a small group of people. Today it has become international with more than 5,000 people from 28 countries. Club members collect everything connected with Coca Cola: bottles, posters, newspaper articles, postcards everything. They sometimes meet to exchange their treasures.
G. Today there are 16 special variants of the original Coca Cola recipe. Some have less sugar or no sugar at all. Such Coke is chosen by those who want to keep fit. Children may prefer a cherry or a vanilla flavour. The drink also changes from country to country, reflecting national preferences. For example, if you travel to France, you can try the unusual orange Coca Cola.
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You can travel almost anywhere in the world, and you will probably see graffiti. Although graffiti is more common in big cities, today you may find it in almost any region or district, big or small. It's everywhere: on trains, walls, bridges and
buildings. Love it or hate it but graffiti is part of the everyday urban world. Some people consider it art while others think it's vandalism. However, few of them really know how old graffiti is.
The word graffiti itself probably comes from the old Greek verb which means "to write". Writings on walls already existed in ancient Rome. The Romans cut graffiti on walls and monuments. What was it like, you may ask? Ancient graffiti was absolutely different from today's. It showed phrases of love, political ideas, simple thoughts, magic spells, alphabets, and famous quotations from literature.
Modern graffiti dates back to the US of the 1960s. At that time for young people it was a form of self-expression and a political protest. Teenage groups in New York, for example, painted graffiti to mark their territory. Later, there started competitions between different groups. That meant that the quality of graffiti became more important than just the amount of it.
Today graffiti has travelled all over the world. However, it is still an illegal art. It has been always painted on private or public property, like cars, trains, fences and house walls. As a result most people see it as vandalism. Besides, it's rather hard to clean graffiti paints, and cities spend millions every year on it. So, in most countries graffiti is forbidden. On the other hand, modern graffiti is, by its nature, a form of painting. After all, the artists use the same methods and materials. However, instead of paints a graffiti artist prefers sprays, markers, and crayons. Some of their works are really impressive and fascinating; they are powerful and have a deep meaning. Graffiti often makes grey walls look cheerful.
The purpose of some graffiti is to spread and declare social ideas. That's why a lot of graffiti paintings have political topics. Some cities have special places where the walls of different buildings can be used to create pieces of graffiti art.
Probably, the most famous graffiti artist is Banksy, who comes from Bristol, England. He strongly believes that writing graffiti on buildings is an effective way to communicate with people. His works are very often aggressive, provocative and even rude. In his graffiti he expresses personal political and social views, which are against war and capitalism. Banksy is known not only for his graffiti works. He also likes playing "jokes". He sometimes unofficially hangs his works in the main art galleries. He doesn't want to be paid for them because he's sure art should be free. He says he wants to see how long it will take people to notice it. Once Banksy went into the Tate Gallery dressed as an old man, and glued a picture to the museum wall in protest of the Iraq War.
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A7. There are opposite opinions about graffiti.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A8. Graffiti appeared only in the 20th century.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A9. A number of the American graffiti fans later became well-known artists and designers.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A10. Removing graffiti is very expensive for the city authorities.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A11. Graffiti and art have nothing in common.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A12. Politicians use graffiti to express their ideas and views.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
A13. Banksy uses graffiti to share his ideas.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated A14. Banksy sells his works to art galleries and museums.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
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3.
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Tim woke up later than usual. It was Sunday and he (B4. HAVE) _____________ lots of plans for the day. He was in the bathroom cleaning his(B5. TOOTH) __________ when he heard some unfamiliar voices from the veranda. "Who could they be?" Tim (B6. THINK) ______________. When he came into the room, his mum and two other women (B7. CHAT) _____________ happily and didn't notice him.
Tim coughed to attract (B8. THEY)____________ attention.
"Oh, Tim, you're up already!" his mother sounded excited. "Meet my school friends, Linda and Emma." Linda shook his hand, Emma smiled and said: "We (B9. BE) ___________ happy to meet you, Tim. Your mum showed us
your photo, but you are much (B10. YOUNG) _____________ there. Join us for tea.
I wish we (11. CAN) ______________ talk about our school days for ages, but we have some other business to discuss with your mother. It's going to be interesting for you too." Tim sat at the table. Emma had some papers in her hands but Tim couldn't read what (B12. PRINT) ______________ the letters were too small.
. , , 1318, , . . 1318.
Thousands of tourists visit Edinburgh every year. The capital of Scotland is (B13. FAME) _____________ for its history and architecture. It's one of the (14. CULTURE) _______________ centres of the country.
The main (15. ATTRACT) _______________ of the city is Edinburgh Castle.
It was built in the 12th century but it still looks magnificent and very (16. IMPRESS) ____________________. There are many historic monuments in Edinburgh. One of them is an unusual monument to Walter Scott, a well-known (17. WRITE) ______________.
The city streets are usually full of noisy tourists with cameras but if you want a quiet holiday, you can have it too the beautiful and (18. PEACE)_____________ countryside is just round the corner.
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418 N1.
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You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Rod.
..As you know, I am a tennis club member. I go there regularly but my best friend doesn't want to do any sport...
Should people do sports, why? What sports do you like? What do you do in your PE lessons?
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions. Write 100120 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.
You have 30 minutes to do this task.
