8. .
. .
, .
1. . .
( ), ( , ) , , (. 8.1, ). , (. 8.1, ).
. 8.1. :
) ; )
AD ( AD1 AD2), ( Y1 Y*). , , . ( 1 2) ( ). ( ), , , (. 8.1, ).
2. . , , . . , , . (. 10.2), . ( , , , . . .) : = tY, . . .
. 8.2.
, (t), (max). (, t1), ( 1) . ( ) 1980- . , ( , ). , , , , ( ). ( t1 t), , (. . ), : -, , -, ( ) , . , , , (. 8.1, ), . ( Y1 Y *) ( 1 2) (. 8.3) .
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. 8.3.
, , .
.
(lorenz curve) , , , . , , , .
XIX - XX . . 1905 , .
. 8.4.
, . , , OABCDE . , 20% 5% , 40% 15% , 60% 35% , 80% 60% , 100% 100% .
, ( ), , , , 1% , , .
.
(Gini coefficient) , , , (1884-1965 ..).
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OABCDE . . . OEF, , :
, ( ). , . . " " . , .