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3. .. English for Students of Law: / .. , .. - . 6- ., . .: , 2014. 352 .
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4. .. Justice and the Law in Britain : / .. . 3- ., . . .: , 2000. 352.
5. .. Exercises n Modern English Gmmr: . . . . -a./ .. . : -: -, 2006 - 448 . (: e )
1. What is the structure of the court system of Ukraine?
2. What is the structure of the arbitration court system of Ukraine?
3. Haw many kinds of courts are there in Ukraine?
4. What cases are handled in the Supreme Court?
1. :
) :
1. decent -
2. liability -
3. contempt (for) -
4. pressure
5. examination -
6. comprehensive
7. to secure the passage
8. unlawful
9. court ruling
10. to let off
11. to punish ,
12. penalty -
13. imprisonment
14. fine -
15. innocent -
16. to be agitated
17. to mind ones business ,
18. to implement -
19. to put trial for
20. to pass unjust verdict
21. by hook or by crook -
b) The system of penalties for crimes in UK
The system of penalties for crimes in UK
The United Kingdom has three legal systems. English law, which applies in England and Wales, and Northern Ireland law, which applies in Northern Ireland, are based on common-law principles. Scots law, which applies in Scotland, is a pluralistic system based on civil-law principles, with common law elements dating back to the High Middle Ages. The Treaty of Union, put into effect by the Acts of Union in 1707, guaranteed the continued existence of a separate law system for Scotland. The Acts of Union between Great Britain and Ireland in 1800 contained no equivalent provision but preserved the principle of separate courts to be held in Ireland, now Northern Ireland The Appellate Committee of the House of Lords was the highest court in the land for all criminal and civil cases in England and Wales and Northern Ireland, and for all civil cases in Scots law, but in October 2009 was replaced by the new Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. In England and Wales, the court system is headed by the SC of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the HC of Justice (for civil cases) and the Crown Court (for criminal cases). The Courts of Northern Ireland follow the same pattern. In Scotland the chief courts are the Court of Session, for civil cases, and the High Court of Justiciary, for criminal cases. Sheriff courts have no equivalent outside Scotland as these Courts deal both with criminal and civil caseloads. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is the highest court of appeal for several independent Commonwealth countries, the British overseas territories, and the British Crown dependencies. There are also immigration courts with UK-wide jurisdiction â the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal and Special Immigration Appeals Commission. The Employment tribunals and the Employment Appeal Tribunal have jurisdiction throughout Great Britain, but not Northern Ireland. Proponents of capital punishment have also claimed that society has the right to kill in defence of its members, just as the individual may kill in the self-defense.
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Sentencing
The sentence passed on an offender is entirely a matter for the courts subject to the maximum penalty enacted by Parliament for each offence. The Government ensures that the courts have available an adequate range of sentences to suit the circumstances of each case and that they are well informed about the purpose and nature of each available sentence. The Court of Appeal issues guidance to the lower courts on sentencing issues when points of principle have arisen on individual cases which are the subject of appeal.
Custody
The Government believes that custody should be a sanction of last resort used only when the gravity of the offence means that there is a positive justification for a custodial sentence, or where the public needs to be protected from a dangerous offender. The Court of Appeal has stated that sentencers in England and Wales should examine each case in which custody is necessary to ensure that the term imposed is as short as possible, consistent with the courts' duty to protect the interests of the public and to punish and deter the criminal. A magistrates' court in England and Wales cannot impose a term of more than six months' imprisonment for each offence tried summarily, but may impose consecutive sentences subject to an overall maximum of 12 months' imprisonment. If an offence carries a higher maximum penalty, it may commit the defendant for sentence at the Crown Court, which may impose - within the permitted statutory maximum - any other custodial penalty. As in the rest of Britain there is a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment for murder: this is also the maximum penalty for a number of serious offences such as robbery, rape, arson and manslaughter.
The death penalty has been repealed for almost all offences. It remains on the statute book for the offences of treason, piracy with violence and some other treasonable and mutinous offences; it has, however, not been used for any of these offences since 1946.
In Scotland the maximum penalty is determined by the status of the court trying the accused unless the sentence is limited by statute. In trials on indictment, the High Court may impose a sentence of imprisonment for any term up to life, and the sheriff court - any term up to three years but may send any person to the High Court for sentence if the court considers its powers are insufficient. In summary cases, the sheriff may normally impose up to three months' imprisonment or six months for some repeated offences, although his powers are extended by statute in some exceptional cases. In the district court the maximum term of imprisonment is 60 days.
In Northern Ireland the position is generally the same as for England and Wales. A magistrates' court, however, cannot commit an offender for sentencing at the Crown Court if it has tried the case; for certain summary offences, a magistrates' court may impose a term of imprisonment for up to 12 months. There are also other circumstances when a magistrates' court can impose imprisonment of more than six months.
Fines
The most common sentence is a fine, which is imposed in more than 80 per cent of cases. There is no limit to the fine which may be imposed on indictment; on summary conviction the maximum limit, except in certain exceptional circumstances, is £2,000 in England, Wales and
Northern Ireland, and in Scotland £2 000 in the sheriff court and £ 1,000 in the district court
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2. ϳ :
) fill in the table:.
| Sentencing | Custody | Fines |
| 1. | 2. | 3. |
| 4. | 5. | 6. |
| 7. | 8. | 9. |
| 10. | 11. | 12. |
b) Read the following statements and decide if they are true or false:
1. The sentence passed on an offender is entirely a matter for the courts subject to the maximum penalty enacted by Parliament for each offence.
2. The Government ensures that the courts have available an adequate range of sentences to suit the circumstances of each case and that they are well informed about the purpose and nature of each available sentence.
3. The Court of Appeal issues guidance to the lower courts on sentencing issues when points of principle have arisen on individual cases which are the subject of appeal.
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1 ϳ The system of penalties for crimes in Ukraine, , , , , - - .., . .: , 2008.- 752. , . , ; . , , .
2 The system of penalties for crimes in Ukraine , ., ., - - .- .: , 2008.- 752. 3 , , : .., .., . 2- . 1 - , 2006,c 133-137; .. .. . : ., . - : -̔, 2011, c. 206-219.
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1. They deliver all the mail at half past nine.
2. This engineer is writing the letter in English.
3. William taught this group of children.
4. The students will buy the theatre tickets next week.
5. They have published this booklet.
6. They had built this block of flats by the end of the year.
7. Mary was writing the article for the journal from five till eight.
8. Everybody knows you.
9. Everyone hears our broadcasts.
10. We will have finished the work by Saturday.
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