Ds H 20%, aW 4.2.
Ds H 12%:
- - ya 4.8.
- - ya, 4.8. 2.
Ds H 12%, 2.
5.3. .
5.3.1.
. (40)
t , , .
YR - (. 1.14).
YX - (. 1.14).
Y d - (. 1.14).
YA - (. 1,14).
YN - .
. (41)
NFG - .
NFG = 4×106. (42)
m - . :
m = 6;
m = 9.
NFE 1 -
NFE 1 = 60× n 1× t × eF. (43)
eF -
. (44)
, ,
. (45)
. (46)
SF s Flim - 1.15.
5.3.2. .
. (47)
YFS -
. (48)
X - .
ZV -
. (49)
Y e - ,
. (51) | . (52) |
Y b -
. (53)
Y b 0,7,
Y b = 0,7
,
. (54)
. (55)
. ,
5.4. .
. (56)
Tmax = T - .
[s] Hmax - .
. (57)
.
sT 1.2.
|
|
, ,
. (58)
.
5.5. .
. (59)
- .
. (60)
.
1.1
U | |
1 | 1; 1,25; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 10;11 |
2 | 1,125; 1,375; 1,75; 2,25; 2,75; 3,5; 4,5; 5,5; 7; 9; 11 |
1.2
- | , , | HB HRC | sb, | - s, | |
HB 192...228 | |||||
HB 170...217 HB 192...217 | |||||
HB 179...228 HB 228...255 | ...800 | ||||
40 | 100...300 300...500 | HB 230...280 HB 163...269 HB 163...269 | |||
40 | 100...300 | HB 230...300 HB ³241 HRC 48...54 | |||
20 | HRC 56...63 | ||||
123 | HRC 56...63 | ||||
38 | - | HRC 57...67 |
. - .
1.3
- - | ||
ZR | , | Ra =1,25...0,63 . Z R=1. , Ra =2,5...1,25 . ZR =0,95. Ra =10...2,5 . ZR =0,9. |
ZV | , | HB £350 V / 5 10 20 ZV 1,00 1,07 1,15 HB >350 V / 5 10 20 ZV 1,00 1,04 1,07 |
SH | , , SH =1,2. SH =1,3. |
1.4
HRC | ||||||
HB |
1.5
-- | s Hli m, | ||
, | HB £350 | 2×(HB)+70 | |
HRC =38...50 | 17×(HRC)+100 | ||
HRC =40...56 | 17×(HRC)+200 | ||
, | HRC =56...65 | 23×(HRC) | |
HV =550...750 | |||
- | 2×(HB) |
1.6
ya |
0,100; 0,125; 0,160; 0,200; 0,250; 0,315; 0,400; 0,500; 0,630; 0,800; 1,0; 1,25 |
1.7
aW, | |
1 | 40, 50, 63, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2000, 2500 |
2 | 140, 180, 225, 280, 355, 450, 560, 710, 900, 1120, 1400, 1800,2240 |
1.8
|
|
m | |
1 | 1; 1,25; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 10; 12; 16; 20; 25; 32; 40 |
2 | 1,125; 1,375; 1,75; 2,25; 2,75; 3,5; 4,5; 5,5; 7; 9; 11; 14; 18;22; 28; 36; 45 |
1,6; 3,15; 6,3; 12,5 |
1.9
, /, | |||
6 ( ) | , | ||
7 ( ) | , - | ||
8 ( ) | c | ||
9 () |
1.10
- - | - | - | KHV | KFV | ||||||||
V, / | ||||||||||||
HB1HB2 >350 | 1,02 | 1,12 | 1,25 | 1,37 | 1,5 | 1,02 | 1,12 | 1,25 | 1,37 | 1,5 | ||
1,01 | 1,05 | 1,10 | 1,15 | 1,20 | 1,01 | 1,05 | 1,10 | 1,15 | 1,20 | |||
HB1 HB2£350 | 1,04 | 1,20 | 1.40 | 1,60 | 1,80 | 1,08 | 1,40 | 1,80 | - | - | ||
1,02 | 1,08 | 1,16 | 1,24 | 1,32 | 1,03 | 1,16 | 1,32 | 1,48 | 1,64 | |||
HB1HB2 >350 | 1,03 | 1,15 | 1,30 | 1,45 | 1,60 | 1,03 | 1,15 | 1,30 | 1,45 | 1,60 | ||
1,01 | 1,06 | 1,12 | 1,18 | 1,24 | 1,01 | 1,06 | 1,12 | 1,18 | 1,24 | |||
HB1 HB2£350 | 1,05 | 1,24 | 1,48 | 1,72 | 1,96 | 1,10 | 1,48 | 1,96 | - | - | ||
1,02 | 1,10 | 1,19 | 1,29 | 1,38 | 1,04 | 1,19 | 1,38 | 1,57 | 1,77 | |||
HB1HB2 >350 | 1,03 | 1,17 | 1,35 | 1,52 | 1,70 | 1,03 | 1,17 | 1,35 | 1,52 | 1,70 | ||
1,01 | 1,07 | 1,14 | 1,21 | 1,28 | 1,01 | 1,07 | 1,14 | 1,21 | 1,28 | |||
HB1 HB2£350 | 1,06 | 1,28 | 1,56 | 1,84 | - | 1,11 | 1,56 | - | - | - | ||
1,02 | 1,11 | 1,22 | 1,34 | 1,45 | 1,04 | 1,22 | 1,45 | 1,67 | - |
1.11
KHb HB 1£350 HB 2£350 | ||||||||||
yd= bW / d 1 | ||||||||||
0,2 | 0,4 | 0,6 | 0,8 | 1,0 | 1,2 | 1,4 | 1,6 | 1,8 | 2,0 | |
1,09 | 1,19 | 1,3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
1,07 | 1,13 | 1,20 | 1,27 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 1,03 | 1,06 | 1,08 | 1,12 | 1,16 | 1,20 | 1,24 | 1,29 | - | - |
1,02 | 1,03 | 1,06 | 1,08 | 1,10 | 1,13 | 1,16 | 1,19 | 1,24 | 1,30 | |
- | 1,02 | 1,03 | 1,04 | 1,06 | 1,08 | 1,10 | 1,13 | 1,16 | 1,19 | 1,25 |
1,01 | 1,02 | 1,02 | 1,03 | 1,04 | 1,06 | 1,08 | 1,10 | 1,14 | 1,18 | |
- - | 1,01 | 1,02 | 1,02 | 1,02 | 1,03 | 1,04 | 1,05 | 1,07 | 1,08 | 1,12 |
KFb =(0,8...0,85)× KHb ³1 |
1.12
|
|
, / | ||||||
KH a= K Fa | ||||||
KH a= KF a=1 | ||||||
1,03 | 1,04 | 1,04 | 1,05 | 1,06 | ||
1,07 | 1,08 | !,10 | 1,11 | 1,13 | ||
1,13 | 1,15 | - | - | - |
1.13
b0 | ||||||||
ZH | 2,50 | 2,44 | 2,43 | 2,41 | 2,37 | 2,30 | 2,23 | 2,14 |
1.14
- - | ||
YR | YR =1. YR =1,05...1,20. . | |
YX | ( ) | : YX =1,03 - 0,006× m; 0,85£ YX £1. , YX =1,05 - 0,005× m; 0,8£ YX £1. YX =1,03 - 0,006× m; 0,85£ YX £1. YX =1,075 - 0,01× m;0,7£ YX £1. |
Y d | Y d=1,082 - 0,172× lg m. | |
YA | YA =1. : YA =0,65; YA =0,75; YA =0,9. |
1.15
s Flim, | SF | ||||
- | |||||
- , - | 180...350 HB | 40.45,40, 40, 35 | 1,75×(HB) | 1,7 | 2,2 |
45...55 HRC | 40,40, 40 | 500...550 | 1.7 | 2,2 | |
48...52 HRC | 40,35, 40 | 500...600 | 1,7 | 2,2 | |
48...52 HRC | 40,35, 40 | 600...700 | 1,7 | 2,2 | |
57...67 HRC | 38 | 590...780 | 1,7 | 2,2 | |
56...63 HRC | 123 | 750...800 | 1,65...1,7 | 2...2,2 |
1.16
b0 | b0 | ||||||
m, | m, | ||||||
C, | C, | ||||||
2,5 | |||||||
3,0 | |||||||
3,5 | |||||||
2
, , ,
- T 2;
- n 2;
- n 1.
, , , . , .
|
|
1. .
1.1
. (1)
1.2. .
Z 1=21. (2)
Z 2= Z 1× U. (3)
Z 2
. (4)
1.3.
. (5)
h=0,96. (6)
2. .
2. 1. (.2.1) 10...20 HB .
2.2. . ,
. (7)
YR - (. 2.2).
, : Yx =1; Y d=1.
YA .
YN - .
. (8)
NFG - .
NFG = 4×106. (9)
m - .
m = 6. (10)
NFE -
NFE = 60× n×t×eF. (11)
eF -
, (12)
T ;
Ti ;
t ;
ti .
m = 6 .
eF =1.
SF sFlim - 2.3.
3. .
, . .
. (13)
T 1 - , . KF - , 1,3. ym 2.4.
YFS =3,47 + 13,2/ ZV - (27,9× X)/ Zv + 0,092× X 2. (14)
X - ( ).
ZV - , ( ).
,
(15)
(.2.5).
(ym)
, (16)
- ;
- (13).
. (17)
R 40 (.2.6) .
4. .
d 1= m × Z 1; (18)
d 2= m × Z 2. (19)
. (20)
, ().
da 1= d 1 + 2× m; (21)
da 2= d 2 + 2× m. (22)
df 1= d 1 -2,5× m; (23)
df 2= d 2 -2,5× m. (24)
/. (25)
(.2.7) .
5. .
.
KFV - , 2.8 .
KF b- , 2.9 yd= b / d 1.
KF a - (.2.10).
KF = KFV × KFb × KF a. (26)
. YX =1; Y d=1. (.2.2).
. (27)
. (28)
( )
. (29)
10...12%, . , 5%, , , .
|
|
6. , (. ) .
( )
. (30)
. (31)
s - (.2.1).
(30) , , . ( - )
(32)
3.
7. (. ).
2.1
- | ,, | HB HRC | - sb, | s, | |
HB 192...228 | |||||
HB 170...217 HB 192...217 | |||||
HB 179...228 HB 228...255 | 700...800 | ||||
40 | 100...300 300...500 | HB 230...280 HB 163...269 HB 163...269 | |||
40 | 100...300 | HB 230...300 HB ³241 HRC 48...54 | |||
20 | HRC 56...63 | ||||
123 | HRC 56...63 | ||||
38 | - | HRC 57...67 |
2.2
YR | - | YR =1. YR =1,05...1,20. . |
YX | ( ) | : YX =1,03 - 0,006× m; 0,85£ YX £1. , YX =1,05 - 0,005×m; 0,8£ YX £1. : YX =1,03 - 0,006× m; 0,85£ YX £1. YX =1,075 - 0,01× m; 0,7£ YX £1. |
Y d | Y d=1,082 - 0,172× lg m. | |
YA | YA =1. - : YA =0,65; YA =0,75; YA =0,9. |
2.3
s Flim, | SF | ||||
- | |||||
- , - | 180...350 HB | 40.45,40, 40, 35 | 1,75×(HB) | 1,7 | 2,2 |
45...55 HRC | 40,40, 40 | 500...550 | 1.7 | 2,2 | |
48...52 HRC | 40,35, 40 | 500...600 | 1,7 | 2,2 | |
48...52 HRC | 40,35, 40 | 600...700 | 1,7 | 2,2 | |
57...67 HRC | 38 | 590...780 | 1,7 | 2,2 | |
56...63 HRC | 123 | 750...800 | 1,65...1,7 | 2...2,2 |
2.4
ym= b / m | |
16...33 | |
15...30 | |
10...20 | |
8...12 |
2.5
m | |
1 | 1; 1,25; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 10; 12; 16; 20; 25; 32; 40 |
2 | 1,125; 1,375; 1,75; 2,25; 2,75; 3,5; 4,5; 5,5; 7; 9; 11; 14; 18;22; 28; 36; 45 |
2.6
R 5 | R 10 | R 20 | R 40 | R 5 | R 10 | R 20 | R 40 | R 5 | R 10 | R 20 | R 40 |
1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 1,1 | 1,0 1,05 1,1 1,15 | 10,5 11,5 | |||||||
1,2 | 1,2 1,4 | 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 | |||||||||
1,6 | 1,6 | 1,6 1,8 | 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 | ||||||||
2,0 | 2,0 2,2 | 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,4 | |||||||||
2,5 | 2,5 | 2,5 2,8 | 2,5 2,6 2,8 3,0 | ||||||||
3,2 | 3,2 3,6 | 3,2 3,4 3,6 3,8 | |||||||||
4,0 | 4,0 | 4,0 4,5 | 4,0 4,2 4,5 4,8 | ||||||||
5,0 | 5,0 5,6 | 5,0 5,3 5,6 6,0 | |||||||||
2.6 | |||||||||||
6,3 | 6,3 | 6,3 7,1 | 6,7 7,1 7,5 | ||||||||
8,0 | 8,0 9,0 | 8,0 8,5 9,0 9,5 |
2.7
, /, | |||
7 ( ) | , - - | ||
8 ( ) | - | ||
9 () |
2.8
- - | - | - | KFV | ||||
V, / | |||||||
HB 1 HB 2 >350 | 1,02 | 1,12 | 1,25 | 1,37 | 1,5 | ||
1,01 | 1,05 | 1,10 | 1,15 | 1,20 | |||
HB 1 HB 2£350 | 1,08 | 1,40 | 1,80 | - | - | ||
1,03 | 1,16 | 1,32 | 1,48 | 1,64 | |||
HB 1 HB 2 >350 | 1,03 | 1,15 | 1,30 | 1,45 | 1,60 | ||
1,01 | 1,06 | 1,12 | 1,18 | 1,24 | |||
HB 1 | 1,10 | 1,48 | 1,96 | - | - | ||
HB 2£350 | 1,04 | 1,19 | 1,38 | 1,57 | 1,77 | ||
HB 1 HB 2 >350 | 1,03 | 1,17 | 1,35 | 1,52 | 1,70 | ||
1,01 | 1,07 | 1,14 | 1,21 | 1,28 | |||
HB 1 HB 2£350 | 1,11 | 1,56 | - | - | - | ||
1,04 | 1,22 | 1,45 | 1,67 | - |
2.9
KH b HB1 £350 HB2 £350 | ||||||||||
yd= bW / d 1 | ||||||||||
0,2 | 0,4 | 0,6 | 0,8 | 1,0 | 1,2 | 1,4 | 1,6 | 1,8 | 2,0 | |
1,09 | 1,19 | 1,3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
1,07 | 1,13 | 1,20 | 1,27 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
- | 1,03 | 1,06 | 1,08 | 1,12 | 1,16 | 1,20 | 1,24 | 1,29 | - | - |
2.9 | ||||||||||
1,02 | 1,03 | 1,06 | 1,08 | 1,10 | 1,13 | 1,16 | 1,19 | 1,24 | 1,30 | |
- | 1,02 | 1,03 | 1,04 | 1,06 | 1,08 | 1,10 | 1,13 | 1,16 | 1,19 | 1,25 |
1,01 | 1,02 | 1,02 | 1,03 | 1,04 | 1,06 | 1,08 | 1,10 | 1,14 | 1,18 | |
- - | 1,01 | 1,02 | 1,02 | 1,02 | 1,03 | 1,04 | 1,05 | 1,07 | 1,08 | 1,12 |
KF b=(0,8...0,85)× KH b³1 |
2.10
, / | ||||||
KH a= KF a | ||||||
KH a= KF a=1 | ||||||
1,03 | 1,04 | 1,04 | 1,05 | 1,06 | ||
1,07 | 1,08 | !,10 | 1,11 | 1,13 | ||
1,13 | 1,15 | - | - | - |
4
3000 1500
4
1000 750