:
__________________ .
____________________ ..
2011
1. .....3
2. ...4
3. .........7
4. ......28
5. .....34
6. ......36
7. ....37
8. .....39
10. 40
, , .
, , , , , .
. , . . ( ) .
, . , .
, .
, , , , , .
:
1. F=5.2
2. v=0.1/c
3. L = 5 .
4. = 0,8;
5. = 0,29;
6.
7.
|
|
n = n. .
N = = 45 /;
:
n. = (750, 1000, 1500, 3000) /;
n = 750 /;
η=0.97
η = 0,98
η = 0,98
η = 0,99
P== P / η = 0.52 / 0,899 = 0.58 ;
AUP()LA8:
P = 0.75 ( 10% ); n = 700 /;
% ≤ 10%
U = n / n = 700 / 45 = 15.5
U = 3
U = U = 5.16
U1 = 2.3
U2 = 2.3
→ = n = 700 /;
→ n = n / U = 700 / 3= 234 /;
→ = n/ U1 = 234 / 2.3 = 102 /;
→ = n/ U2 = 102 / 2.3 = 45 /;
→ T =
T2=
.
: N=0.75 , = 7001, u= 3. , .
.
1.
2. " :
b = 11 . h = 8 , h 13 , 0 = 2,8 , F1 = 0,81 2
3.
dpmin = 90 ,
, dp , . . dpl == 100 .
4. (2.2)
dp2 = dp1u(l-ɛ)= 125 3(1-0,01) = 372 .
1738373 dp2 = 400 .
5.
6.
7.
-1.
8.
= 0,95dp2 = 0,95 - 400 = 380 .
9.
L = 1600 .
10. L :
amin = a - 0.01L = 361.7- 0,01 1600 = 362 .
amax = + 0.025L =361.7 + 0,025 1600=401.7 .
11.
12. Lo= 1700 . L/Lo = 1600/1700 =0.94
13. CL = 1.12.
14. dp1 = 125 v = 4.57 / No= 1,15 .
15. Cα=0,86.
16. T = 1,2 .
17.
N= 0,0001 T = 0,0001 1,2 700 =0,09 .
18. = 0.92.
19.
N = (N0CαCL+ N) = (1.15 0,86 1.12 + 0,09) 0,92 = 1.1.
20.
21. , , z = 0,9.
22.
z= 1.
|
|
23.
,
q = 0,1 /.
24. , ,
Q =2S0,1z' sin α/2 = 2 75.8 sin67 = 139H.
25.
= 11 ; h = 8,7 ; b = 3,3; = 15+0,3 ;
f=10-1 , r=1 ; h imin = 6 ; α1 =34, α2 =38
26.
del = dp1 + 2b= 125 + 2 3,3= 131,6 ;
d e2= dp2 + 2b = 400 + 2 3,3 = 406,6 .
27.
M=(z'- 1 )e + 2f= (1-1) 15 + 2 10 = 20 .
, , N1= 0.56; 1= 235 1; = 5.16; t = 26280 ; ; ; ; 6- ( 278973); .
.
40 (); - . ( 100
σ = 850 ; σ = 600 ; 230... 300 B 1.
300
σ = 800 ; σ = 580 ; 241 H2.
:
, :
. , .
= K FC K FL
, .
=1.8HB=1.8 265=477
, , Kfc= 1,0;
NFE1 = 37.05 108 > NF0 = 4 106, Kfl1 = 1,0.
= K FC K FL
HB < 350, mF= 6;
NF0 = 4 106,
()
Nfe = NΣ1 =601t = 60 235 26280=37.05 108.
=477 1 1=477
Sf = S'f S''f= 1,75 1,0= 1,75,
S'F= 1,75, S''F= 1,0. , , Ys= 1. , Y R = 1,0.
, :
= K FC K FL
, ,
=1.8HB=1.8 241=434
, K FC= 1,0;
NFE1 = 37.05 108 > NF0 = 4 106, Kfl1 = 1,0.
HB<350 = 6;
NFO = 4 106; ()
NFB2 = N Σ2 = 60n2t= 60 102 26280 = 1,6 108.
;
NFE2 = 1.6 108 > NF0 = 4 106, Kfl2 = 1,0.
= K FC K FL =434 1 1=434.
SF = 1,75.
, , Fs= 1,0. , , Y s = 1,0.
, :
=4.8HB=4.8 265=1272;
Sfmi = S'fmi S'' fmi= 1.751,0 = 1,75,
|
|
S'fmi = 1,75; S'' fmi = S''f = 1,0. , , Ys =1,0.
,
, ,
=4.8HB = 4,8241 = 1157 .
S = S' S'' = 1.751,0 = 1,75,
S' = 1.75, S'' = Sf2= 1,0. , , Ys= 1,0. ,
, :
= K FL1
, ,
=2HB+70 = 2265+70 = 600 .
;
=1.8107
()
Nhei = NΣ1 = 60n 1 t = 6023526280 =3.7 108.
≥1
:
. .
=1.
= 600 1 = 600 . S = 1,1. , , ZR= 0,95. , , Zv= 1,0.
= 518 .
, :
= K FL2
, ,
=2HB+70 = 2241+70 = 552 .
;
=1.7107
()
Nhe2 = NΣ2 = 60n 2 t = 6010226280 =1.6 108.
≥1
:
. .
=0.9.
= 552 0.91 = 502 . S = 1,1. , , ZR= 0,95. , , Zv= 1,0.
= 434 .
. . , [σ] = 434 .
:
, :
. , .
= K FC K FL
, .
=1.8HB=1.8 280=504
, , Kfc= 1,0;
NFE1 = 1.6 108 > NF0 = 4 106, Kfl1 = 1,0.
= K FC K FL
HB < 350, mF= 6;
NF0 = 4 106,
()
Nfe = NΣ1 =603t = 60 102 26280=1.6 108.
=504 1 1=504
Sf = S'f S''f= 1,75 1,0= 1,75,
S'F= 1,75, S''F= 1,0. , , Ys= 1. , Y R = 1,0.
|
|
.
, :
= K FC K FL
, ,
=1.8HB=1.8 280=504
, K FC= 1,0;
NF4 = 7.25 107 > NF0 = 4 106, Kfl4= 1,0.
HB<350 = 6;
NFO = 4 106; ()
NFB4 = N Σ4 = 60n4t= 60 46 26280 = 7.25 107.
;
NFE4 = 7.25 107 > NF0 = 4 106, Kfl4 = 1,0.
= K FC K FL =504 1 1=504.
SF = 1,75.
, , Fs= 1,0. , , Y s = 1,0.
, :
=4.8HB=4.8 265=1272;
Sfmi = S'fmi S'' fmi= 1.751,0 = 1,75,
S'fmi = 1,75; S'' fmi = S''f = 1,0. , , Ys =1,0.
,
, ,
=4.8HB = 4,8241 = 1157 .
S = S' S'' = 1.751,0 = 1,75,
S' = 1.75, S'' = Sf2= 1,0. , , Ys= 1,0. ,
, :
= K FL1
, ,
=2HB+70 = 2265+70 = 600 .
;
=1.8107
()
Nhei = NΣ1 = 60n 1 t = 6023526280 =3.7 108.
≥1
:
. .
=1.
= 600 1 = 600 . S = 1,1. , , ZR= 0,95. , , Zv= 1,0.
= 518 .
, :
= K FL2
, ,
=2HB+70 = 2241+70 = 552 .
;
=1.7107
()
Nhe2 = NΣ2 = 60n 2 t = 6010226280 =1.6 108.
≥1
:
. .
=0.9.
= 552 0.91 = 502 . S = 1,1. , , ZR= 0,95. , , Zv= 1,0.
= 434 .
. . , [σ] = 428 .
, :
=4.8HB=4.8 280=1344;
Sfm3 = S'fm3 S'' fm3 = 1.751,0 = 1,75,
S'fm3 = 1,75; S'' fm3 = S''f = 1,0. , , Ys =1,0.
,
|
|
, ,
=4.8HB = 4,8280 = 1344.
S = S' S'' = 1.751,0 = 1,75,
S' = 1.75, S'' = Sf4= 1,0. , , Ys= 1,0. ,
, :
= K FL3
, ,
=2HB+70 = 2280+70 = 630 .
;
=1.8107
()
Nhe3 = NΣ3 = 60 3 t = 6010226280 =1.6 108.
≥1
:
. .
=1.
= 630 0.91 = 581 . S = 1,1. , , ZR= 0,95. , , Zv= 1,0.
= 502 .
7.
, :
= K FL4
, ,
=2HB+70 = 2280+70 =630 .
;
=1.7107
()
Nhe4 = NΣ4 = 60n 4 t = 604626280 =7.2 107.
≥1
:
. .
=0.9.
= 630 0.94 = 593 . S = 1,1. , , ZR= 0,95. , , Zv= 1,0.
= 512 .
. . , [σ] = 456 .
[σH1]= 2,8 σ = 2,8600 = 1680
[σH2] = 2,8 σ = 2,8580 = 1624
10. , .
, .
v = 0,0125
9-. , , α= 1,13.
= 2;
β= 16; z1 min = 16; z 1= z1min+ 2 = 16 + 2= 18.
, ,
KHβ= 1,07. , ,
KHv = 1,038 ( ). , ,
ZH =1,76 cosβ= 1,76 cos 16= 1,69.
, , ZM= 275 1/2. , ,
Zɛ = ,
Zɛ = ,
.
= cosβ= cos 16 = 1.97
= 2 . m =2
11. .
dw1= 37.45 :
9-, . v = 0.57 / , ,
KHα= 1,15, KHv = 1,039,ZH =1,01
:
m = cosβ= 0.9612 = 2.02
= 2 , ; , = 37.45 .
bw =46 .
12. .
13. , .
, . ;
, , ,
, ,
,
=1,16; , , KFv= 1,1 ( ).
σF1=4.13 0.89 =61.95 < [σF1] =272,
σF2= σF1 =61.95 < [σF2] =248
14. .
:
σF1 =61.95.
σF2= 53.95.
:
σFM1 =61.952 = 123.9 < [σFM1] = 727 ;
σFM2 = 53.952 = 107.8 < [σFM2] = 661 .
15. :
z1 = 18; z2 = 90; = 2 ; β=16;
bw = 46 ; dw1 =37.45 ;
dw2 =
16. β.
aw = 112.3 ;
β=15º9066
[σH3]= 2,8 σ = 2,8600 = 1680
[σH3] = 2,8 σ = 2,8580 = 1624
10. , .
, .
v = 0,0125
9-. , , α= 1,13.
= 2;
β= 16; z1 min = 16; z 3= z3min+ 2 = 16 + 2= 18.
, ,
KHβ= 1,07. , ,
KHv = 1,038 ( ). , ,
ZH =1,76 cosβ= 1,76 cos 16= 1,69.
, , ZM= 275 1/2. , ,
Zɛ = ,
Zɛ = ,
.
= cosβ= cos 16 = 2.41
= 2.5 . m =2.5
11. .
dw3= 46.8 :
9-, . v = 0.24 / , ,
KHα= 1,15, KHv = 1,039,ZH =1,01
:
m = cosβ= 0.9612 = 2.52
= 2.5 , ; , = 46.8 .
bw =60 .
12. .
13. , .
,