σ ≈ 1.3σ.
σ =1.3∙4F/(πd12) ≤ [σ].
d1 ≥ 1.3∙4F/(π[σ]).
, 10 - 12 . ( 8). . . .
3.1.6.3 ,
. .
3.1.6.3.1
( 3.10) F , .
3.10
KF ≤ iF = iF f, F =KF/(if),
i - , ( 3.10 i 2, 1 2, i = 1); f - (f ≈ 0,150,20 ); - ( = 1,31,5 ; = 1,8 2 ).
d1 ≥ 1.3∙4KF /(ifπ[σ]).
3.1.6.3.2
( 3.11) , , . , . . .
τ = 4F/(iπd2) ≤ [τ],
i - ( . 3.11 i = 2; i = 1).
3.11
d ≥ 4F/(iπ[τ]).
3.1.6.4 ,
, ( 3.12). . . : F - ; F = R/z - , (z - ).
3.12
( 3.13, ) F Δ, Δ ( 3.13, ).
3.13
R δ, δ ( 3.13, ). , , .
|
|
|
χ - ( F, ), χF, - (1 - χ)F. χ ( )
δ = χ F = (1- χ) F,
- ; - .
χ = /( + ).
:
-
F = χF;
- ()
F = F + χF;
-
F = 1.3F + χF.
F = F (1 χ)F.
F = F + (1 χ)F.
^
35
җ
14.1.
. ( , , ... .) . 1. .
, . . SM () 5:
dM ( . .); ργ . { dM /. , ργ = 1 dM = 200 , / = 628.
Ft Fa ()
η . / = 628 η^0,3 Fa*\90Fr
, .
. , (, . .), ( , , ).
, , ; ( ); ( ) . . (. [15]).
14.2.
. ( ,
.), , []. , [. (1.13)], :
|
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|
(14.3) , z = H/p :
(14.5) ψΛ = 0,5 (. . 1.5,6, ); ψΛ=0,75 (. . 1.5, ). ψΗ= 1,2...2,5. [] ; [ ]= 11... 13 Μ ; [tfCM] = 8...10 ; [] = 4...6 . [] , , 2...3 , . (14.5) d2 . . , . , , , . . 14.1. , . 14.1, . , . Fe = 150000 H, /=1000 , 35, , 1 . . 1. (14.5), [] = 6 , ^, = 2,1; ψΑ=0,75: d2 50000/(π 2,1 0,75 ■ 6) =71,1 . 85x12 (. 14.1): </=85 ; /?=12 ; <^=64,2 ; </2 = 76; = 9 . 
(/?=20; 12; 5 ) . ^ ψ<φ. /=0,1, 
. 20 , ψ = 5 10' . (14.4) #=ΨΗ d2 = 2,1 76 = 159,6 . #= 160 . , σ = 4/Γα/(π^?)^γ[σ]. (. . 1.1), 5 = 2, [σ] = στ/$ = 320/2= 160 . γ λ:
|
36
( 30%) :
Q - , ; d1 - , .
, . . - β :
tgβ= P/(πd2)
- ; d2 - .
. 3. :
- ; - ; -
f = 0,1, tgp = 0,1, = 543'.
, - ( ).
τ = M / 0,2d13 - , .
σ = [σp].
[σ] =7090.
P - , ;
- , ;
J- , 4;
|
|
|
d - ; d1 - ; l - , ( , ).
n = P / Q,
n ≥ 4.
| [q], | |
| 5-6 | |
| 10-13 | |
| 7-13 | |
| 7-13 |
, λ = l/i (λ > λ), i ( i = d/4).
λ ≈ 100. :
λ < 60 .
[q] (. 8) :
H = zP,
- ; z - , z 10, .
z > 10, , d d1:
, Q.
P0 - , , . , . - , . L P0 :
0d2/2 =PpL.
η = A/
= QP - ;
= P0πd2 - .
.
. Q = 60000 , . 4.
35, - , 10.
1. :
) β ( d2)
β = 403';
) f = 0,12, tgp = 0,12, = 6º51';
) β ≤ p,
) ≥ 2;
) , ,
) , f1 = 0,14:
)
= QP = 6000010 = 600000 ;
)
2. . 1000
= 2πL = Pp 6,28 1000 = 6280;
+, .. 6280 = 2882000ͷ,
= 2882000/6280 = 458.
, , = 150300.
3. :
)
l = 390+70-100/2 = 410;
) d1 = 40
i= d1/4 = 40/4 = 10;
λ = l/i= 410/10 = 41,
;
)
σ = Q/F = 60000/(3.14402/4) = 47,8;
. 4.
)
|
|
|
)
35 σ = 85,0.
4. :
)
z = H/P = 100/10 = 10;
)
, , . 8.
