.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





:

: H V , T p ;

: 1 T * p *, ( , , m p *II, . 8.3);

() P (N);

.

( , ), .

. :

s = 0,96...0,99 ( s , );

s = 0,97 0,11 ( 1)3/2 1 £ £ 4 [21, 34]. < 1 s = 0,97, = 0 ( ) s 0,9.

s = 1 (. 2).

. , (. 8.1) [21].

, , , , , .

8.1

h * p * q (l )
0,88...0,92 1,15...1,35 0,7...0,8
0,87...0,9 1,4...1,75 0,75...0,9
0,83...0,86 >1,75 0,8...0,92
0,76...0,8 2,5...8 0,7...0,85

 

, , , , , . , .

. [23].

, p * (. 8.1).

. 8.1. p * h * [21]

. 8.1 . 8.1 . (G0< 5...10 /) 1...5 % .

, , . , , . 8.1. , , (. . 8.1) 2...5 %, , , . 10 11.

( ) , (H > 78 < 1), .

. . h = 0,99...0,995 [34], s .= 0,94...0,96. 1...2 % .

H u = 42 900...43 500 /. H u = 42 900 /. 1 L 0= 14,8 .

. `G .= G . / G I, .. , , , . T * > 1200 . `G .. , 100 T * 1200 `G . 0,01:

 

T *,      
`G . 0,02 0,04 0,06

`G . ( ). (G .= 0,10,15).

( ), , . (. 8.2).

h * , ( (G 0< 5...10 /) 1...5 % ). (p *= 44,5) [23].

8.2

 

h * L , /
0,9...0,93 100...200
0,87...0,9 450...550

 

, , , h *= 0,89...0,91.

, , , , . , 1 % ( = 0,01) 1 %, (z-) 1/2 % (1/z %).

. 2 %, . .

(h m , h m ) , . h m= 0,985...0,995. 0,01 .

. , . : m > 4 , , (. . 1.5,). : (m < 1), (. . 1.12), , , . :

s = 0,99...0,995 m > 4 ;

s = 0,95...0,97 < 2 .

. , . ( , , , , , .) h . a S:

h .= 0,92...0,95 (0,98) a S > 1,3;

h .= 0,85...0,92 a S < 1,3.

s .= s s .

s .

s = 0,94...0,97.

s , . , . 4, (4.17) (4.18) . 4.18 X l T */ T * ( T * T *, T * T *II , II).

( ) l = 0,18...0,25.

. (. 3)

j c= 0,97...0,995.

j c p c= p * / p (3.13) s c.

:

j c= 0,9...0,96.

,

s .= 0,98...0,99.

. , , , , . .

c k.

c k , . , , i-s- , . .. p-i-T- [36], , , . , , , .

( T *cp a), . :
R = 287 /( × ), k = 1,4;

R = 287,5 /( × ),k =1,33.

,

c p= R,

c = 1005 /( × ); c = 1159 /( × ).

 

: , , . , , .

( ). :

G i = G n i, (8.1)

n i , i.

n i . , G G :

G = G G . G . G G ,

G = G (1 `G . `G . `G `G ),

, `(G .) `(G .), `(G ) `(G ) ( , ..). `G .= 0...0,15 (c. . 8.1). `G . 2 3 %`(G .= 0...0,02; G = 0...0,03).

, :

n ¢= 1 `G . `G . `G `G . (8.1)

() :

G = G + G = G (1 + q ),

q = G / G ( , ).

G = G n ,

n = n ¢ (1 + q ). (8.1)

, , .

`(G = 0). , , , `(G = 0), `(G .= 0), .. `G ..

n ¢ = 1 `G ., n = (1 `G .) (1 + q ), (8.1)

(n ¢= n ¢= 1),

n = n = 1 + q , (8.1)

.

. ,

N h m = N

:

L G h m= L G ,

L =. (8.2)

(8.2) , , , , h m n .

. ,

= p * p . / s.

= p V s p *,

.. p = p .

p .= = p V s p *, (8.3)

p *= = (8.3)

.

(8.3) , p c. p V s = p * / p p *. s . p *.





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