:
: H V , T p ;
: 1 T * p *, ( , , m p *II, . 8.3);
() P (N);
.
( , ), .
. :
s = 0,96...0,99 ( s , );
s = 0,97 0,11 ( 1)3/2 1 £ £ 4 [21, 34]. < 1 s = 0,97, = 0 ( ) s 0,9.
s = 1 (. 2).
. , (. 8.1) [21].
, , , , , .
8.1
h * | p * | q (l ) | |
0,88...0,92 | 1,15...1,35 | 0,7...0,8 | |
0,87...0,9 | 1,4...1,75 | 0,75...0,9 | |
0,83...0,86 | >1,75 | 0,8...0,92 | |
0,76...0,8 | 2,5...8 | 0,7...0,85 |
, , , , , . , .
. [23].
, p * (. 8.1).
|
|
. 8.1. p * h * [21] |
. 8.1 . 8.1 . (G0< 5...10 /) 1...5 % .
, , . , , . 8.1. , , (. . 8.1) 2...5 %, , , . 10 11.
( ) , (H > 78 < 1), .
. . h = 0,99...0,995 [34], s .= 0,94...0,96. 1...2 % .
H u = 42 900...43 500 /. H u = 42 900 /. 1 L 0= 14,8 .
. `G .= G . / G I, .. , , , . T * > 1200 . `G .. , 100 T * 1200 `G . 0,01:
T *, | |||
`G . | 0,02 | 0,04 | 0,06 |
`G . ( ). (G .= 0,10,15).
( ), , . (. 8.2).
|
|
h * , ( (G 0< 5...10 /) 1...5 % ). (p *= 44,5) [23].
8.2
h * | L , / | |
0,9...0,93 | 100...200 | |
0,87...0,9 | 450...550 |
, , , h *= 0,89...0,91.
, , , , . , 1 % ( = 0,01) 1 %, (z-) 1/2 % (1/z %).
. 2 %, . .
(h m , h m ) , . h m= 0,985...0,995. 0,01 .
. , . : m > 4 , , (. . 1.5,). : (m < 1), (. . 1.12), , , . :
s = 0,99...0,995 m > 4 ;
s = 0,95...0,97 < 2 .
. , . ( , , , , , .) h . a S:
h .= 0,92...0,95 (0,98) a S > 1,3;
h .= 0,85...0,92 a S < 1,3.
s .= s s .
s .
s = 0,94...0,97.
s , . , . 4, (4.17) (4.18) . 4.18 X l T */ T * ( T * T *, T * T *II , II).
|
|
( ) l = 0,18...0,25.
. (. 3)
j c= 0,97...0,995.
j c p c= p * / p (3.13) s c.
:
j c= 0,9...0,96.
,
s .= 0,98...0,99.
. , , , , . .
c k.
c k , . , , i-s- , . .. p-i-T- [36], , , . , , , .
( T *cp a), . :
R = 287 /( × ), k = 1,4;
R = 287,5 /( × ),k =1,33.
,
c p= R,
c = 1005 /( × ); c = 1159 /( × ).
: , , . , , .
( ). :
G i = G n i, (8.1)
n i , i.
n i . , G G :
G = G G . G . G G ,
G = G (1 `G . `G . `G `G ),
, `(G .) `(G .), `(G ) `(G ) ( , ..). `G .= 0...0,15 (c. . 8.1). `G . 2 3 %`(G .= 0...0,02; G = 0...0,03).
|
|
, :
n ¢= 1 `G . `G . `G `G . (8.1)
() :
G = G + G = G (1 + q ),
q = G / G ( , ).
G = G n ,
n = n ¢ (1 + q ). (8.1)
, , .
`(G = 0). , , , `(G = 0), `(G .= 0), .. `G ..
n ¢ = 1 `G ., n = (1 `G .) (1 + q ), (8.1)
(n ¢= n ¢= 1),
n = n = 1 + q , (8.1)
.
. ,
N h m = N
:
L G h m= L G ,
L =. (8.2)
(8.2) , , , , h m n .
. ,
= p * p . / s.
= p V s p *,
.. p = p .
p .= = p V s p *, (8.3)
p *= = (8.3)
.
(8.3) , p c. p V s = p * / p p *. s . p *.