.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




, , , -, , -, .

, .

.

1) i i 1 n, n - .

2) (k1- k8)i i- .

3) :

m = 20 K4K5 (K2K3K6K7 m/r)i (15)

( , k 7 ).

4) - .

5) .

6) :

t = max {T i} (16)

 

1

, . 40 . 2 . : - 5 /, - 0 , . - .

:

- , , t = -34, r =1,553 /3

40

0,05

= 2

:

, t = 0, v =5/, = 45 , v = 29 /

:

1 = 0,18 3 = 1 7 = 0,26

2 = 0,052 4 = 2,34 7 = 1

5 = 0,23 8 = 0,133

:

1. :

) m1 = K1 3 5 7 m = 0,18 × 1 × 0,23 × 0,26 × 40 = 1

) = h / 2 4 7 = 0,05 × 1,553 / (0,052 × 2,34 × 1) = 0,64 = 38

) 6 = 1; ( <1)

) m2 = (1- 1)2457m0/(hr) =

(1- 0,18)×0,052×1×2,34×0,23×1×1×40/0,05×1,553 = 11,8

) 1 = 1,68 , 2 = 5,53+(8,19-5,53)×(11,8-10)/(20-10) = 6,

) = max { 1;2) + 0,5 min { 1;2} = 6 + 0,5×1,68 = 6,84

) = Vn=2×29 = 58

) = min { ; ) = min { 6,84; 58 } = 6,84

) SB = 8,73×10-3×2 = 8,73×10-3 ×6,842 × 45 = 18,38 . .

) = / Vn= 6,38 / 29 = 0,22

) q = min { ; } = min { 0,22; 2} = 0,22

) S = 8 2 q0,2 = 0,133 * 6,842 * 0,220,2 = 4,6 ..

 

2

- 30, - 150, - 200. 3 . - 0 . , 18 .

:

: , -1/.

1. (5) :

= h / 2 4 7 =0,05 * 1,553 / 0,052*1* 1 = 1,49 = 1 0

= h / 2 4 7 =0,05 * 0,681 / 0,025*1*1= 1,36 = 1 22

= h / 2 4 7 =0,05 * 0,806 / 0,007*1*0,4= 14,39=14 23

2. 6 ():
6 = min { ; ^ }'8 = min { 1,49; 3}'8 = 1,49 '8 = 1,375,

6 - min { ; ^ }'8 = min { 1,36; 3}'8 = 1,36 '8 = 1,279,

6 = min { ; }'8 = min { 14,39; 3}'8 = 3 '8 = 2,408.

3. (15)

m = 20 45 S(2367 m/)1=20*1*1*(0,052*1*1*1,375*1*30/1,553+

+0,025*0,04*1,279*1*150/0,681+0,007*2,408*0,4*200/0,806) = 60.

4. 13

= 52,67 +(65,23-52,67)*(60-50)/(70-50) = 59

5. (8)

= Vn =3*5=15 .

6. (9)

= min { ; ) = min { 59; 15} = 15 .

7. (10)

SB = 8,73* 10'3* 2* =8,73* 10'3* 15 2* 180 = 353,57 2

8. (11)

= /Vn =15/5=3 .

9. (12)

q = min { ; } = min { 3; 3} = 3

10. (13)

S = 8 2 '2 = 0,081*15 2 * 3 0,2 =22,7 2

11. (14)

t = X/Vn = 18 / 5 = 3,6 = 3 36

12. ( ) 14 23 .

 

.

1. , .

2. .

3. .

4. . .

5. .

6. .

 

.

 

13. ,

 

- ,
 
/ 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.5                        
  0.38 0.85 1.25 3.16 4.75 9.18 12.53 19.20 29.56 38.13 52.67 65.23 81.91 166.0 231.0 363.0
  0.26 0.59 0.84 1.92 2.84 5.35 7.20 10.84 16.44 21.02 28.73 35.35 44.09 87.79 121.0 189.0
  0.22 0.48 0.68 1.53 2.17 3.99 5.34 7.96 11.94 15.18 20.59 25.21 31.30 61.47 84.50 130.0
  0.19 0.42 0.59 1.33 1.88 3.28 4.36 6.46 9.62 12.18 16.43 20.05 24.80 48.18 65.92 101.0
  0.17 0.38 0.53 1.19 1.68 2.91 3.75 5.53 8.19 10.33 13.88 16.89 20.82 40.11 54.67 83.60
  0.15 0.34 0.48 1.09 1.53 2.66 3.43 4.88 7.20 9.06 12.14 14.79 18.13 34.67 47.09 71.70
  0.14 0.32 0.45 1.00 1.42 2.46 3.17 4.49 6.48 8.14 10.87 13.17 16.17 30.73 41.63 63.16
  0.13 0.30 0.42 0.94 1.33 2.30 2.97 4.20 5.92 7.42 9.90 11.98 14.68 27.75 37.49 56.70
  0.12 0.28 0.40 0.88 1.25 2.17 2.80 3.96 5.60 6.86 9.12 11.03 13.50 25.39 34.24 51.60
  0.12 0.26 0.38 0.84 1.19 2.06 2.66 3.76 5.31 6.50 8.50 10.23 12.54 23.49 31.61 47.53
  0.11 0.25 0.36 0.80 1.13 1.96 2.53 3.58 5.06 6.20 8.01 9.61 11.74 21.91 29.44 44.15
  0.11 0.24 0.34 0.76 1.08 1.88 2.42 3.43 4.85 5.94 7.67 9.07 11.06 20.58 27.61 41.30
  0.10 0.23 0.33 0.74 1.04 1.80 2.37 3.29 4.66 5.70 7.37 8.72 10.48 19.45 26.04 38.90
  0.10 0.22 0.32 0.71 1.00 1.74 2.24 3.17 4.49 5.50 7.10 8.40 10.04 18.46 24.69 36.81
  0.10 0.22 0.31 0.69 0.97 1.68 2.17 3.07 4.34 5.31 6.86 8.11 9.70 17.60 23.50 34.98

 

: 1. 15 / 15 /.

2. 1 / 1 /.

 

14. .

 

NN - -
/   /. -  
      -       7 ()
    - , /3 1 2 3 - 40 - 20      
                           
  - 0.0008 0.681 -33.42   0.18 0.025 0.04 0/0.9 0.3/1 0.6/1 1/1 1.4/1
                         
  - 0.681 -33.42   0.01 0.025 0.04 0/0.9 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1
                         
  0.989 19.52     0.028 0.15 0.1 0.2 0.5    
  0.0016 1.191 -85.10   0.28 0.037 0.30 0.4/1 0.6/1 0.8/1 1/1 1.2/1
  0.0020 0.680 6.9 1.2 0.06 0.041 0.50 0/0.1 0/0.3 0/0.8 1/1 2.5/1
  0.806 77.3 0.75   0.007 0.80 0.04 0.1 0.4   2.4
                         
  1.491 21.0 1.5   0.040 0.40     0.4    
  0.0029 1.462 -10.1 1.8 0.11 0.049 0.333 0/0.2 0/0.5 0.3/1 1/1 1.7/1
  0.882 10.7 2.2 0.05 0.041 0.27 0/0.1 0/0.3 0/0.7 1/1 3.2/1
  0.0015 0.964 -60.35 16.1 0.27 0.042 0.036 0.3/1 0.5/1 0.8/1 1/1 1.2/1
  0.815 -19.0 0.6 0.19 0.034 1.0 0/0.4 0/1 0.5/1 1/1 1.5/1
  0.0035 1.432 8.2 0.6 0.05 0.061 1.0 0/0.1 0/0.3 0/0.7 1/1 2.7/1
  0.0017 1.512 -188.2 0.2 0.95 0.038 3.0 0.7/1 0.8/1 0.9/1 1/1 1.1/1
  1.570 75.3 3.0   0.010 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.4   2.3
  1.675 107.2 0.06   0.003 10.0 0.05 0.1 0.3   2.5
  0.0032 1.553 -34.1 0.6 0.18 0.052 1.0 0/0.9 0.3/1 0.6/1 1/1 1.4/1
  1.658 112.3 0.02   0.002 30.0 0.03 0.1 0.3   2.9
  0.0021 1.220 12.6 0.75 0.04 0.048 0.8 0/0 0/0 0/0.6 1/1 3.9/1
  0.838 55.0 4.8   0.009 0.125 0.05 0.1 0.4   2.2
  1.005 55.0 0.10   0.013 6.0 0.05 0.1 0.4   2.2
  0.839 35.0 2.20   0.028 0.27 0.1 0.2 0.5   1.7

 

: 1. 3 (98.1 ).

2. 1014 , .

3. () .

 

15. 4 .

 

, /                      
4   1.33 1.67 2.0 2.34 2.67 3.0 3.34 3.67 4.0 5.68

 

 

16. , /

 

, /                              
        - - - - - - - - - - -
                             
        - - - - - - - - - - -

 

( 1992 )

 

 


[1] . (. ) 8,

[2] .





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