n ,
x ' = F (x) ( t),
, x ' x t, . .
, , , :
, .
x = φ( t) , [a, b]. x = φ( t), t ∈ [a, b] R x n. , R x n, , .
a ( ) , F (a) = 0.
x = φ( t), t ∈ [a, b] .
(n + 1) R x , t n +1
, R x.
: - ( ), . , .. , , , .. , . , .. , .
38) . .
39) . , , .
40) .
41) .
x ′ = A (t) x + b (t), | () |
aij, bi ∈ C ([ t 0, +∞), R), |
x = φ(t) ().
. y = x φ(t):
y ′ = A (t) x + b (t) A (t)φ(t) b (t) = A (t)(x φ(t)) = A (t) y. | ||
(). Φ t 0(t) (), t 0. , | ||
() () ⇔ Φ t 0(t) [ t 0, +∞); |
() () ⇔ Φ t 0(t) → 0 t → +∞ ⇔ () ; |
() () ⇔ (M > 0, γ > 0) ∀ (t ≥ t 0) [||Φ t 0(t)|| ≤ Me γ(t t 0)] ⇔ () . |
. () () , . . (). ε = 1, δ > 0 ,
|
|
|| x 0|| < δ ⇒ || gt 0 t (x 0)||= ||Φ t 0(t) x 0|| < 1 (t ≥ t 0). |
, || x || = 1, ||δ x /2|| < δ
|
||Φ t 0(t)|| < 2/δ, . . Φ t 0(t) . | ||
, , , ||Φ t 0(t)|| ≤ H (t ≥ t 0), | ||
|| gt 0 t (x 0)||≤ H || x 0||, | ||
ε > 0 () δ = ε/ H.
() () . || x 0|| < Δ ⇒ ||Φ t 0(t) x 0|| → 0 t → +∞. |
ek
|
( R n, , , || ek || ≠ 1). , Φ t 0(t) t → +∞; . |
, Φ t 0(t) → 0 t → +∞. x 0 ∈ R n |
gt 0 t (x 0)= Φ t 0(t) x 0 → 0 t → +∞, |
. . () .
, .
() () , Δ1 > 0, M > 0 γ > 0 ,
|| x 0|| < Δ1 ⇒ ||Φ t 0(t) x 0|| ≤ Me γ(t t 0)|| x 0|| (t ≥ t 0). |
x, || x || = 1, :
|
|
,
||Φ t 0(t)|| ≤ Me γ(t t 0) (t ≥ t 0). |
, , x 0
||Φ t 0(t) x 0|| ≤ ||Φ t 0(t)|||| x 0|| ≤ Me γ(t t 0)|| x 0|| (t ≥ t 0), |
. . () .
, .
42) .
43) .