, , , . . . - , , - , . , - . .
- , , . , , "" . "" ? , , "". - , . . , , - , . , , , , .
, ( ), .
:
- TCP/IP
- POP3
- SMTP
- FTP
- HTTP
- IMAP4
- WAIS
- Gorpher
- WAP
TCP/IP
, , . (Vinton G. Cerf). " ". 1997 (Robert E. Kahn) , . - - MCI WorldCom Inc.
1972 TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ( / ).
. ARPANet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network - ). , , , , - . "" - , , .
|
|
TCP/IP , , , - . TCP/IP .
TCP/IP , , . . , TCP, , . , IP, . .
TCP/IP:
HTTP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol - ) TCP/IP - . HTTP Web-. HTTP . HTTP World Wide Web.
HTTP, , HTTP-. Web- , - , Web-.
, Web-, - - - (HyperText Markup Language, HTML).
, HTTP, : http://www.tut.by
FTP
FTP (File Transfer Protocol - ) . . , FTP- : ftp://ftp.netscape.com
TELNET
( , ) , .
Telnet . . , . Telnet- , , Windows 98.
Telnet , , (Start) (Run) , , : telnet lib.ru
( lib.ru , , .) Telnet, .
- - 4GL
|
|
, , , , ? FAQ .
4. Internet
, , , , , , , .
, . , . , . , , . .
, , . , , . , (). , , .
. TCP/IP , 1 255. :
19.226.192.108
IP-. - , , IP-.
, . (DNS - Domain Name System), . , , .
, :
< n>. < 3>.< 2>.< 1>.
1 1 , 2 2 ..
- , , : ic.vrn.ru yahoo.com
, ( ) www.microsoft.com www microsoft.com. Microsoft , com - . www , WWW-. (, www.intel.com, www.amd.com ..). . , DNS-.
1 (ru ; ua ; uk ; de ) (com ; edu - ; gov - ; org ).
, , www.mrsu.ru, . , DNS, . , , ( , , ru). , , ru. , mrsu. mrsu www , .
|
|
, , . , . , , , , . - , .
. - , , , . , , , , . , , , 21 - FTP; 23 - telnet; 25 - SMTP; 80 - HTTP; 110 - POP3; 70 - Gopher ..
, URL (Universal Resource Locator).
URL :
, .. (http, gopher, WAIS, ftp, file, telnet .);
( - );
.
URL :
method://host.domain[:port]/path/filename,
method - , :
file - ;
http - World Wide Web ;
gopher - Gopher ;
wais - WAIS (Wide Area Information Server) ;
news - Usenet;
telnet - Telnet;
ftp FTP .
host.domain .
port - , , .
: http://support.vrn.ru/archive/index.html.
http:// , Web-, /archive archiv support.vrn.ru, index.html - .
.
- , : , , , . - .
- , .
(gateway)- , .
- Web- .
5. World Wide Web, WWW .
|
|
:
1. WWW World Wide Web ( ). , . WWW.
2. WWW (World Wide Web) .
3. WWW (World Wide Web) . , .
4. WWW (World Wide Web) Internet, , .
HTTP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol - ) TCP/IP - . HTTP Web-. HTTP . HTTP World Wide Web.
HTTP, , HTTP-. Web- , - , Web-.
, Web-, - - - (HyperText Markup Language, HTML).
, HTTP, : http://www.tut.by
7. HTML ( Hypertext Markup Language) CSS ( Cascading Style Sheets) -. HTML , CSS ( ) . , HTML CSS - -
HTML?
HTML -. HTML :
, , , , , ..
.
, , , , ..
, , .
HTML , . , , , , ..
XHTML?
XHTML HTML, XML ( Extensible Markup Language). XHTML ( , ..) HTML, . XHTML XML, XML ( XSLT, XML).
8. - -, . -, (-) . ( ) , - .
-, ( . Web browser; ) -, - ( ), , .