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, , , :

RCOOH+ROH RCOOR+H2O

HOOCRCOOH HOOCRCOOR ROOCRCOOR.

, - , :

, , :

nHOOC-R-COOH + nHOROH [-OC-R-COO-R-O-]n

, , .

, , (200-300̊). , , .

(H2SO4, HCl, , ) 70-150̊ . , , - . (Al2O3, , ). , .

, , , :

COCl2 + 2CH3OH CO(OCH3)2 + 2HCl.

, .

. : , (, ) . , :

(CH3CO)2O + ROH CH3COOR + CH3COOH 2CH3COOR+H2O.

. , . , , , , (, .).

, , : RCOCl>(RCO)2O>RCOOH.

(1) (2) (3). , :

RCOOR + ROH RCOOR + ROH, (1)

RCOOR + RCOOH RCOOR + RCOOH, (2)

RCOOR + RCOOR RCOOR + RCOOR. (3)

, . , , .

; :

CH3-CH=CH2 + RCOOH RCO-O-CH(CH3)2.

 

.

- (∆H=0). , , , . , . , , .

, , :

Kc=[RCOOR][H2O]/([RCOOH][ROH].

. 4,0-4,5 ( 66-68%). . , 2,0 2,5. : 0,005 0,001, 6-10%. , .

. . , 8-10, .

, , . , 30 150̊ 9 300̊ .

. . , , , , . , , , .

, . , :

RCOOR + ROH RCOOR + ROH,

RCOOH + ROH RCOOR + H2O,

RCOOH + ROH RCOOR" + H2O,

K1 K2 , :

K2/K1=[RCOOR][ROH]/([RCOOR][ROH])=K

.

, . , , :

CO(OCH3)2 + 2C4H9OH CO(OC4H9)2 + 2CH3OH

 





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