, , , :
RCOOH+ROH RCOOR+H2O
HOOCRCOOH HOOCRCOOR ROOCRCOOR.
, - , :
, , :
nHOOC-R-COOH + nHOROH [-OC-R-COO-R-O-]n
, , .
, , (200-300̊). , , .
(H2SO4, HCl, , ) 70-150̊ . , , - . (Al2O3, , ). , .
, , , :
COCl2 + 2CH3OH CO(OCH3)2 + 2HCl.
, .
. : , (, ) . , :
(CH3CO)2O + ROH CH3COOR + CH3COOH 2CH3COOR+H2O.
. , . , , , , (, .).
, , : RCOCl>(RCO)2O>RCOOH.
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(1) (2) (3). , :
RCOOR + ROH RCOOR + ROH, (1)
RCOOR + RCOOH RCOOR + RCOOH, (2)
RCOOR + RCOOR RCOOR + RCOOR. (3)
, . , , .
; :
CH3-CH=CH2 + RCOOH RCO-O-CH(CH3)2.
.
- (∆H=0). , , , . , . , , .
, , :
Kc=[RCOOR][H2O]/([RCOOH][ROH].
. 4,0-4,5 ( 66-68%). . , 2,0 2,5. : 0,005 0,001, 6-10%. , .
. . , 8-10, .
, , . , 30 150̊ 9 300̊ .
. . , , , , . , , , .
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, . , :
RCOOR + ROH RCOOR + ROH,
RCOOH + ROH RCOOR + H2O,
RCOOH + ROH RCOOR" + H2O,
K1 K2 , :
K2/K1=[RCOOR][ROH]/([RCOOR][ROH])=K
.
, . , , :
CO(OCH3)2 + 2C4H9OH CO(OC4H9)2 + 2CH3OH