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:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




.

.

- , ( -301 1- , -301 ). , , , , . , , .

. ( ) : , , - . , a - .

- . .

m (): 1, 2, , m, - () 1, 2,,m. , n (): B1, B2, ,Bn, b1, b2, , bn .

cij Ai Bj. () cij :

c11 12 13... 1n

c21 c22 c23... c2n

........

ci1 ci2 ci3... cin

........

cm1 cm2 cm3... cmn

, , .

. xij - , i- ( i- ) i j- (j- ) Bj (i=1,m; j=1,n). xi1, xi2, , xmn ( mxn) :

1. , , ( ). m -:

x11 + x12 +... + x1j +... + x1n = a1,

x21 + x22 +... + x2j +... + x2n = a2,

.....

xi1 + xi2 +... + xij +... + xin = ai,

.....

xm1 + xm2 +... + xmj +... + xmn = am,

, , xij = ai (i = 1, m), (2.1)

2. , , , . n -:

x11 + x21 +... + xi1 +... + xm1 = b1,

x12 + x22 +... + xi2 +... + xm2 = b2,

.....

x1j + x2j +... + xij +... + xmj = bj,

.....

x1n + x2n +... + xin +... + xmn = bn,

, , xij = bj (j = 1, n), (2.2)

(2.1), (2.2) .

3. , xij, cij, :

F = c11x11 + c12x12 +... +... +c1jx1j +... + c1nx1n +

+ c21x21 + c22x22 +... +... +c2jx2j +... + c2nx2n +... +

+ cm1xm1 + cm2xm2 +... +... +cmjxmj +... + cmnxmn → min,

, , F = (ij xij) → min (2.3)

, (i=1,m; j=1,n), .

(2.3) , - (2.1), (2.2) . - (), .

xij, (i = 1, m; j = 1, n), (2.1), (2.2) F (2.3).

, (2.1)-(2.3), :

) ( , );

) ;

) : i j;

,

ai = bj, (2.4)

, , ( ). ( ).

.

.

, , , -. , , .

( - , , ), , .

, (2.1), (2.2) . , . , + . , (2.1) (2.2),

xij = ai (2.5)

xij = bj, (2.6)

(2.4) (2.5) (2.6) . , xij , . , m n . , (2.1), (2.2) , +- 1, + .

:

2.1. R (2.1), (2.2) (2.4) +n-1.

, (2.1), (2.2) +n-1 , , , : r= mn - (+-1) = - ( -1) = m(-1)- (-1) = (m-1)(n-1)

xij , i j,- (i,j).

(ij) (i=1,..., ; j = 1,..., ) , .

(xij) , (2.1), (2.2) ( ), , , .

( ), R=+-1 xij , ( r=(n-1)(m-1)) .

(xij) , , , .

, , , , , r . , , , (-1)(-1) xij .

() -, , . . :

- () (), ;

- , ,( );

- , , ( );

- ( ).

( ) , xij (i,j).

. 2.0.

2.0

1 2 ... j ... n aj
A1 11 12 ... 1j ... 1n a1
A2 21 22 ... 2j ... 2n a2
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
i i1 i2 ... ij ... in ai
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Am m1 m2 ... mj ... mn am
bj b1 b2 ... bj ... bn

 

, .

2.1. - .

. , - ( 2.1). (i,j)- 2.1 ( i- , j- ) , , i- j‑ . , (1,4) 3, , 1- 4- 3 .

2.1.

1 2 3 4 () - i
1
 
11

1
 
2

1
 
3

 
14

 
2 21
 
 
 

 
22

 
23

 
24

 
3 31
 
 

 
32

 
33

 
34

 
() -bj          

.

. i- j- - (i, j) ij. ij (i, j) . ij. , , , 1- , 60 , , 11+ 12 + 13 + 14 = 60 ( ).

, ,

11 + 12 + 13 + 14 = 60,

21 + 22 + 23 + 24 = 120, (2.1.1)

31 + 32 + 33 + 34 = 100,

, , :

11 + 21 + 31 = 20,

12 + 22 + 32 = 110, (2.1.2)

13 + 23 + 33 = 40,

14+ 24 + 34 = 110,

, , , (2.1.3)

F :

F = 1∙ 11 +212 +513 +314 +121 +622 +523 +224 +

+ 6∙ 31 +332 +733 +434 (2.1.4)

( ):

(2.1.1) (2.1.2) *=(*11, *12, *13,... *33, *34), (2.1.4) .

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

, - R= + -1, - , n - . , , , , + -1 .

, , , ()- .

, : , , , :

1) ( ) , , ();

2) () , , ();

3) - .

2.1.

.

, , , , . , .

. - .

.

2.2. ( ) 2.1.

. (1,1) - , , 11 : 11 = min(60,20) = 20. 11 = 20 (1,1) . 1- , . - (1,2) , 1- 20 60-20 = 40 , , 12 = min(60-20,110) = 40. 1- 1- . - .. ( 2.2).

2.2.

1 2 3 4 i
1
 
20

 
40

 
 

 
 
 

 
2
 
 
 

70 40
 
10

 
3
 
 
 

 

 
 

 
100

 
bj          

 

: , . , , .

, , . , .

m+n-1= =3+4-1=6, , () . , , . , , , , , , . ( ) , , m+n-1. 2.1 - , .

- , . , , .





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