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:

































 

 

 

 


, .




.

  1. .
    .
    , 24 2 4 . 1 , :
    r(24) = 2 12 + 4 1 = 28 ... 2 12 ... .

, :
ω(C) = 12 2 / 28 = 0,857 85,7%.
z, . 12, , z 16z.

ω(C) = 12 / (12 + + 16z)

, :

=
r() z  
 
Mr(.)  
 
  1. .

() , , .
, 66 .
() .
, : = 1:1, .. .
.

.

26 :: = 2:6:1 26
48 : = 1:2 2
242 :: = 1:2:1 2

, . , , .

  1. D().
    D , , . Ÿ :
    D() = () / ()
    .
    :
    D H2 = M( ) / M(H2) = M( ) / 2
    , . Ÿ 29 / ( ).
    :
    D . = ( ) / 29
  2. .

1 . /.
ρ = m() / V()
1 , :
ρ = / Vm,
, .

  1. .
    , , .
CnH2n+2
CnH2n CnH2n+1CH=CH2
CnH2n−2 CnH2n+1C≡CH
CnH2n−2
CnH2n−6 65nH2n+1
CnH2n+2O CnH2n+1OH
CnH2n+2Ox CnH2n+2−x(OH)x
CnH2nO
  O  
  //  
CnH2n+1 C H
CnH2nO
  O  
  //  
CnH2n+1 C OCmH2m+1
CnH2n−6O 65(nH2n)OH
CnH2nO2
  O  
  //  
CnH2n+1 C OH
CnH2nO2
  O  
  //  
CnH2n+1 C OCmH2m+1
CnH2n+3N nH2n+1NH2
( ) CnH2n+1NO2
  O  
  //  
NH2 CH C OH
  \  
  C nH 2n+1

, .

:

  • . , :
    : = n(A): n(B);
  • , , .
  1. 1.
    , 84,21% 15,79% , 3,93.

1.

  1. 100 . 84,21 , 15,79 .
  2. :
    ν(C) = m / M = 84,21 / 12 = 7,0175 ,
    ν(H) = 15,79 / 1 = 15,79 .
  3. :
    : = 7,0175: 15,79 ( ) = 1: 2,25 ( 4) = 4: 9.
    , 49.
  4. :
    = D(.) 29 = 114 /.
    , 49 57 /, 2 .
    , 818.

, , , . , .. .

2: (114 /), .
m(C) = 114 0,8421 = 96; .. 96/12 = 8
m(H) = 114 0,1579 = 18; . 18/1 = 18.
818.

: 818.

  1. 2.
    2,41 / .

2.

nH2n−2
, , ? ρ 1 .
1 22,4 , , 22,4 :
M = ( ρ) ( Vm) = 2,41 / 22,4 / = 54 /.
, , n:

14 n − 2 = 54, n = 4.
, 46.

: 46.

  1. 3.
    , , 31022 4,3 .

3.

. , .
, 1 .
: Na = 6,021023 ().
, :
ν = N / Na = 31022 / 6,021023 = 0,05 ,
:
= m / n = 4,3 / 0,05 = 86 /.
, , n.
nH2nO, = 14n + 16 = 86, n = 5.

: 510, .

  1. 4.
    , 31,86 % .

4.

: nH2nCl2, 2 n .
:
ω(C) = ( C ) ( C) / ( )
0,3186 = n 12 / (14n + 71)
n = 3, .

: 36Cl2, .





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