1. ) - , , - (+).
) ( ) -
, :
| 1 ( | nh4 | hso4- | |
| H2SO4 | O3+ | H24 - | |
| 34 | [Zn(h20)]2+ | ||
| 2 | [Cu(h20)]2+ | 3- |
2. - , (+), (+) .
( ) -
, : 6
| nh3 2 25 | [Zn(oh)(h20)j+ [Cu(oh)(h20)j+ | s2-, 32-, 1-, 24-, 3- 4 5 3 5 -, 3- |
3.
4.
) HPO42 
+ H3O 
H2PO4 + H2O
) HPO42 + OH PO43 + H2O
5.
pH :
H
pH
H
6. , , () .
, :
1 + NaOH = NaCl + 20
():
3+2 = 3++3-
. . . . . .
7. ) :
CH3COONa + = 3 + NaOH
3-+ = 3+ -
. . . . . .
) :
NH4C1 + = NH4OH + 1
NH4 + = NH4 + +
. . . .
. .
8. :
) 3- + 2→3H + OH- ( )
. . .. ..
) 3- + 〖〗^- →H2O + CO3- ( )
. . .. .
9.
3-+ 2 =23+ -
. . . . .o.
HCO3 + H2O = 3 + H3O+
. . .. ..
10. H+ ( ), . , :
+, . pH :
- +, , .
|
|
|
11.. , , . , , , (Ag+, Fe3+), (, SO3, SiO2), (AlCl3), BF3, Al2O3. , , . .
, : , , , , .
, . .
, , , , . Ƹ ( , ). , , . . Ƹ , .
12. (NH4+) = 9,62, (3) =16, ()=3,7, , NH3 . :
NH3+ → + - .
pKa, .
.. (NH4+) = 9,62, , (..) .
(NH4+) < (3), 3 NH3
(NH4+) > (), NH3
NH3+ → NH4 + HCOO-
. . .. ..
13. - : NH3 + H+ → [ NH4+ ]; BF3 + F- → [BF3]-. ?
, , .
,
NH3 + H+ → [ NH4+ ]
H+ NH3, H+ - , .
BF3 + F- → [BF4]-
BF3 F-: BF3 , F- - .
