() (. 3.4 ). 9, 6, 10 7 8 . 2. , , 6 , , , . 9 3, . 1, . 5. 4 , .
(. 3.4 ). 1 2. , 3, , . 4. () 5, , .
, (. 3.5 ). (. 3.5 ), -, , , :
F = BIwl, (3.1)
B ; I ; w ; l . F
M = Fa, (3.2)
a , .
(3.2) F (3.1),
M = BIwla = BIws,
s ; s = la.
, ,
M = W α,
W , ; α .
:
M = M . (3.3)
(3.3) ,
BIws = W α,
α = , α = S 1 l.
S 1 = = , , , .
( , ), α I .
I F (. . 3.5) , .
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, , .
. , , , .
:
Ø ;
Ø ( );
Ø , , , , , , , , . , ;
Ø , .