Perfect
Perfect to have + Participle II . Perfect , , . Present Perfect , .
Perfect , .
, . , , .
We have understood the teachers explanation. | . |
He has seen that new film. | . |
Present Perfect Tense
We have built the Kuibyshev hydroelectric station (and it exists now). | ( ). |
. Present Perfect Tense.
Present Perfect Tense to have Present Indefinite.
Present Perfect, , :
1) :
We have finished our assignment. | . |
2) , , : this year (month, week), , :
always
ever -
often
not yet
never
seldom
just
We have finished our assignment this week. | . |
I have never seen him. | . |
, , Perfect .
:
She has come. | . |
She has never come in time. | . |
, () Present Perfect, since for , . for .
I have been here since two oclock. | . |
Perfect | |||
Infinitive | Present | Past | Future |
to have started | I have started the motor. . | I had started the motor before the engineer came. , . | I shall have started the motor before the engineer comes. , . |
to have written | He has written exercises today. . We have just spoken about you. . | He had written exercises by 5 oclock. . | He will have writtenexercises by five oclock. 5 . |
to have + Participle II . | to have Present Indefinite + Participle II . | to have Past Indefinite + Participle II . | to have Future Indefinite + Participle II . |
Past Perfect Tense
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Past Perfect Tense , , after, when, before.
:
1) , (, , by)
2) , .
We had made our experiment by five p. m. | 5 . |
We had made our experiment before the professor came (before the professors coming). | , ( ). |
Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense , . , , . . by ().
They will have made their experiment by 7 oclock. | . |
They will have made their experiment before the professor comes. | , . |
. .
We shall apply this method, when the conditions arefavourable. | , . |
He will leave tonight if (provided) he gets a ticket. | , ( , ) . |
, , , , , , , .
Future Perfect if, when, before, after . Present Perfect, , - .
After I have read this book, I shall give it to you. | , . |