,
:
: -31
2016
: TCP/ IP,
(Internet) , :
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;
.
, TCP/IP-, TCP IP, , .
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) - . , , TCP/IP. TCP - , .
TCP/IP , Request for Comment (RFC). RFC Internet. RFC , . TCP/IP RFC, RFC .
(Department of Defence, DoD) 20 ARPAnet .
TCP/IP , UNIX. UNIX IP . Internet, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) , RFC.
TCP/IP - , . :
IP (Internet Protocol - ) - ;
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol - Internet) - IP, , ;
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol - ) - IP- MAC-;
UDP (User Datagram Protocol - ) TCP (Transmission Control Protocol - ) - . UDP , TCP .
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TCP/IP :
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TCP/IP.
Internet.
intranet- , Internet WWW, Internet.
TCP/IP.
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TCP/IP ISO/OSI, , , TCP/IP OSI .
TCP/IP 4 :
I)-
TCP/IP OSI: , . , . TCP/IP . , (File Transfer Protocol, FTP), telnet, (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, SMTP), (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP) . .
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: DNS, FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, LDAP, POP3, SNMP, SMTP, SSH, Telnet, XMPP (Jabber)
( II) -
. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) UDP (User Datagram Protocol). TCP . UDP , IP, .
, TCP , , , , , , . - - . TCP , . , UDP, , , , . TCP UDP . -. TCP UDP , , . , TCP UDP, , .
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: TCP, UDP
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, , RIP (Routing Internet Protocol) OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol). - . ICMP , , , , . .
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: BGP, EIGRP, ICMP, IGMP, IP, IS-IS, OSPF, RIP