..
3
-
Upper Intermediate
81.2 -923
, .. . 3: - Upper Intermediate / .. . : -, 2008. 48 .
- 26.08.2008 ( 1) - -.
- , Intelligent Business (Upper Intermediate). , , . , .
: . . ., . ..
, 2008
-, 2008
Contents
UNIT 1 Alliances p. 4
UNIT 2 Projects ..p. 8
UNIT 3 Teamwork . p.11
UNIT 4 Information p.14
UNIT 5 Technology p.18
UNIT 6 Advertising p.21
UNIT 7 Law p.24
UNIT 8 Brands p.27
UNIT 9 Investment . p.29
UNIT 10 Energy ..p.32
UNIT 11 Going Public p.35
UNIT 12 Competition ..p.37
UNIT 13 Banking .p.39
UNIT 14 Training .p.41
UNIT 15 Consulting .p.44
UNIT 1
Alliances
Keynotes
strategic alliance
[strət́׳i:djik əl׳aiəns]
enable somebody to do something ,
share resources
market share
competitiveness
shareholder value
form alliances
corporate partnership
merger
acquisition
takeover bid
Listening 1
get into a market
create an innovative product
meet a strategic goal
get off to a bad start
sort out a problem
come right in the end
powerful player ,
find (something) in common with -
be linked with an image
Reading
Spring in their steps
add growth and value to companies
slow down for a while
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be on the prowl [praul]
the coming rush to buy
widely-quoted statistics
three out of every four deals
acquiring company ,
the figures are heavily influenced by
the time period chosen
chances of getting a new business
started
keep looking for something
be a good target
diverse [dai׳və:s]portfolio of business
go out of fashion
prominent ,
protagonist
concentrate on their core competence
old-style conglomerate
opportunistic attempt
break up
undervalued
value ,
overvalue
evaluate ,
chasing a dream
combine entertainment content with
distribution
has made fortunes for a few
to prove the ruin
aim
aim at something -
imperative ,
be judged for -
spot a good target
digest [daidj׳est] ,
avoid the failures
be subject to something ,
eternal tendency
over-confident
above average
make mergers and acquisitions work
be aware of something , -
awareness ,
herd instinct
be wrong in large numbers
be right alone
watch carefully
Practice (p.10)
To merge or not to merge
engage in acquisitions
secure fast growth
potential rivals
statistics show that
Euphoria sweeps the market s. .
make a huge fortune
culture conflicts
personality clashes
clash
end in failure
blend well together ,
Listening 2
make a recovery ,
be rewarded for something -
rewarding o
solution to problems
operate on somebodys own
conflicting approaches to something -
the basics
encourage somebody to do something , -
discourage ,
interact
build relationships
overcome problems
human contact
Career skills
network (v)
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strike (struck, struck) up relationships ,
Listening 3
line of business
be based
cultural awareness ,
Dilemma @ Decision
break the ice ,
trendy , ,
trend ,
turn down an offer ,
the hallmark of something -
prosperity ,
prosper ,
prosperous
find common ground -
foster ,
commitment to social responsibility
committed to something , -
Decision
donate to charity a
pursue a mission ,
essential part
UNIT 2
Projects
Keynotes
complex series [s׳iəri:z] of tasks
have to be completed
within a time period
manage a project
estimate
positive outcome
specifications
put together a plan ,
on time and on budget
Preview
review the results ,
forecast (v, n) ,
deliver ,
delivery 1) 2),
pilot project
status [st׳eitəs] report
validate ,
allocate ()
allocation ,
project overview
Listening 1
golden rules
follow guidelines ,
critical phases
solid foundations
feasible ,
feasibility
think through potential problems ,
contingency plans
Reading
Up, up and away
vast building site
be destined
cater for somebody , -
connections/ links
transport network
tricky ,
interface with something , -
install sophisticated electronics
handle ,
via [vaiə] ,
be in charge of something
logistical nightmare
domestic appliance
supply chain
take over as
be forced to tackle something , -
in novel ways -
endeavour [ind׳evə] , , .
take the company down
reflect
constraints ,
capacity
novelty ,
subcontractors ( )
cost-cutting ,
hold a beauty parade[pə׳reid]
take on the supplier
bid lowest
glitches and delays
bump up the price ,
haggling ,
haggle
be behind schedule ,
time runs short for something ,
under the agreement
precautionary , -
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blame (v, n) ,
put the blame on somebody -
pass the risk to somebody -
corner-cutting ,
incentive
If something goes wrong -
negligence
Practice (p.20)
draw (drew, drawn) up
be due ( )
kick off
carry out ,
submit for approval ()
implementation ,
implement ,
extensive travel
workshops ,
deadline ( )
Career skills
set clear goals
budget for ,
Listening 2
the specifics
be convinced
provisional
samples
Dilemma @ Decision
trace an order ,
impact on something -
emergency ,
fix objectives
Decision
eliminate ,
offload , -
excess capacity ,
.
UNIT 3
Team building
Keynotes
accomplish a common goal
fundamentals ,
be measured in terms of something , -
team player
team spirit
respect the roles within the team
keep everyone focused
chairperson ,
facilitator ,
facilitate ,
Preview
hold a meeting
be a reason to do something , -
socialize ,
progress update ,
give updates on work/ ,
update somebody on something ,
convey solutions ,
be concise and to the point
refer to notes
egg-timer
in a precise and time-efficient manner
discuss confidential matters
in an informal context
lengthy ,
come up with the idea of
how to get their teams on board
a new project
precise feedback , ,
a waste of time
Reading
Think before you meet
set out to do something
on average
high-performing
,
lower performers
there must be a way -
properly ,
run a meeting
spontaneous [spən׳teiniəs] ,
put up with with something c -
too little thought goes into...
agenda
put together an agenda
tedious ,
hog the floor ,
correct accounts ,
brainstorming ,
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put solutions into practice ,
mould
frame the questions carefully
enlist ,
Practice (p.26)
team morale[mə׳ra:l]
be affected
team-building/ team-moulding activities
fit into (a team) , ()
put ideas forward
Reading 2
Team roles
give input ,
provide an environment
get ones work done
get somebody to do something , - -
carry out ,
fit in with something ,
overall goals
ensure ,
assign , ()
develop and apply
at the outset
rotate ,
minutes
monitor
collaborate
expertise[׳ekspə:׳ti:z] ,
expert in something , -
Career skills
put the team's interests ahead of (one's) own
tight deadline ,
extend the deadline ,
talk things over
collate the team's work ,
boost the morale
Dilemma @ Decision
brief somebody ,
-
customer communications ,
enquiries ,
enquire about something , -
update a web page -,
concern .
,
concern somebody -
be at fault for something -
specific ,
Decision
be cautious about something -
share fully within the team
under the circumstances
UNIT 4
Information
Keynotes
information management
efficiency ,
performance ,
flow (v, n) ,
gather, process, exchange, store , ,
information
instantaneously
in real time
exploit opportunities
internal network=intranet
external network=extranet
secure against attack
Listening 1
hit ( )
access [ək׳ses] an intranet
give access[׳æksəs]
whats new section
directory
keep the information current
overload the site with information
duplicate information
keep an eye on something -
weed out ,
the main security issues
sensitive ,
download information
put information on the intranet
supply the content for the intranet
contribute content to the intranet
edit[׳edit] the content
keep in mind ,
excessive amount of information
Reading
How about Now?
automate management
speed up
right to the point ,
quest for perfection
head the initiative
computerize/ "digitize" business
buy/sell something online /
set up a digital information system
"digital dashboard
measurements ,
signal the status
email something via the network -
people in charge ()
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intervene
perform against goals
alert
react to changes
wire up
real-time enterprise
shoot in the dark
newly available information
enter information into
a computer system
contribute to something -
contribution ,
spell the death of something -
fluid ,
,
volatile
put on autopilot
stock market crash
automated program trading
install circuit breakers
Listening 3
intelligence
industrial espionage
entirely legal[׳li:gəl]
observation
illegal ,
surveillance [sə׳veiləns]
critical
vulnerable ,
interfere with something -
go missing ,
obtain information ,
manipulate ,
run risks
sophisticated electronic devices
conduct a security review
give away information
Listening 4
urgent ,
major error
Dilemma @ Decision
spy on somebody , -
legislation ,
obligatory
communicate information ,
hotline
anonymously
misconduct
reserve the right
investigation ,
investigate ,
deterioration of an image
Decision
impose something on somebody -
contradict something -
be entitled to do something -
UNIT 5
Technology
Keynotes
rapid pace
technological development
onsumer electronic products
innovative model
come onto the market
saturated market
saturation ,
facility . , ;
,
browse ( )
upload onto the internet
download from the internet
the way we work and ,
view the world
nanotechnology
growth market ,
portable devices
change ones lifestyle -
mobile telecommunications
Preview
unique
selling features ,
high-tech products
wireless
capture stations on the web
battery-powered
respond to something -
response , ,
responsive
alert somebody to do something -
Listening 1
lifestyle accessory
fashion statement
feature ,
provide room
keypad
pioneer something , -
resemble something -
Reading
The March of the Mobiles
march
theres no limit to ;
when it comes to
start-up
go to the limit
operate as ..
speakerphone
boast of something/ doing , ,
something .
ridiculous
mobile-telecoms industry
victim of its own success
the most widespread
growth is booming
rent out mobiles by the minute
telephone ladies
much quoted statistic
look for new sources of growth
rely on something -
reliable
reliable/ unreliable \
subscriber growth
untapped market
launch a model
built-in satellite tracking
third-generation networks
offer extra capacity
There is much excitement about
fixed-mobile convergence
mobile handset
boost usage
extend mobile coverage
coverage is available in
underground railway networks
phone-free environment ,
be on the phone
stream music/ video downloads ,
to mobile phones
empty networks ,
prevent somebody from something -
reach the limits of something -
desire to communicate
Practice (p. 45)
launch a new strategy ,
highly competitive industry
shrink (shrank,shrunk)
face pressure from the shareholders
boost revenues
latest device
triumph [׳traiəmf]
provide easy and high-speed access -
Career skills
be clear and thorough [׳Ө۸rə]
Listening 2
maintain , ,
online survey -
keep somebody up-to-date -
Dilemma @ Decision
give financial backing
give advice on something -
inventions
merits ,
social and cultural impact
award a grant
be worthy
winning product ,
Decision p. 145
commercialise a product
spokesperson ,
find a novel way
financial aid ,
social benefits
benefit from something , -
beneficial
sales are projected to exceed ,
UNIT 6
Advertising
Keynotes
persuasion
persuade somebody to do something - -
a means of ,
purchase ,
billboard ,
commercial
print adverts
pop-ups ( )
publicise a product
in-store displays
product placement -
product demonstration
draw attention to something -
Preview
target audience , (),
place advertisement
Reading
The Harder Hard Sell
measurable ,
go down the drain ,
pass through a disorienting ,
period
growing diversity
better-informed consumer
no longer work
alternative to straightforward ,
advertising
range from to
direct mail ()
retailer ,
exhibitions ,
cost-effective
inseparable part
glossy magazines
turn to something -
ever-increasing ,
account for
pose huge challenges
inventive
Practice (p.52)
endorse a brand
(
)
celebrity endorsement
sign a celebrity
project an image ,
be accused of something -
criminal offence
reach an audience ,
Listening 1
build awareness of something
emotional impact
Theres no obvious trace of ,
-
subtle[ s۸tl] , ,
reflection of something -
tribe
fearless
intrepid
reassuring ,
make a direct appeal to -
sense of adventure
Career skills
leave a strong impression
visualise
Dilemma @ Decision
striking , , .
sample groups
viewers
ban (v,n)
Decision
withdraw a commercial ,
spark a storm of protests
offensive
violent ,
UNIT 7
Law
Keynotes
be subject to (, . )
lay down ,
operate under the conditions of
individuals
law firm
legal department ( )
take legal action/ litigate ,
obtain compensation
suffer harm ,
lawsuit
lawyer/ attorney ,
plaintiff/ litigant
bring a lawsuit against -
defendant
sue
respect obligations
under the law \
settle out of court ()
parties ( )
Preview
employment law
resolve a dispute ( )
cause damage/harm to .
be accused of doing something
intellectual property
patented inventions
defend ( .. )
permission
product liability
,
litigation ,
judge the case
award compensation
dismiss the case
fast food outlet
restaurant chain
put on weight ,
emergency treatment
Reading
The people vs the USA
vs/ versus (
)
ownership claims
collision ,
patent protection
in retrospect
blunder ,
teeter on the edge of
asbestos litigation
(.
)
pursue ,
word of spread
be hit hard ,
end up doing something -, ,
antitrust (law) ()
employee conduct
contractual failure
wake up to (some) concerns
trigger for something
be exposed to legal action
prompt much needed change
questionable
make sense ,
sense of justice
jury
weigh [wei] up the consequences
damages (
)
punitive damages
( )
push for reform
outright wrong
misleading
get out of hand
hear an appeal ()
the Supreme Court
throw back a verdict
penalty ,
rule ,
be tied closely to something -, -
Practice p. 63
sustain injuries
take action ,
class action suit
rule in somebody's favour -
Practice (p. 64)
be pulled from the market
find somebody guilty of - -
harmful side effects
bring home to somebody ,
Career skills
counter-proposal
postpone
Listening
present a case in court
take on responsibility
be under guarantee
Speaking (p.65)
expire ( , )
Dilemma @ Decision
Decision
register a trademark
generate negative publicity ,
UNIT 8
Brands
Keynotes
mark of quality
distinguish
brand identity
cross boundaries
build reputation
brand awareness
brand extension
luxury brand ,
overexposure ,
,
Preview
reliability
convey an image
Listening 1
counterfeit products ,
stamp a name on something
-
knock somebody off the top -
,
well-established ,
achieve brand loyalty ,
sweatshops , ( )
fit ,
Reading
The luxury business
conjure up
purveyor
stand for ,
fine quality
build a reputation
put an identifier
fabulously ,
status symbols ,
celebrity ,
expand aggressively ,
glamorous locations ,
detract from the brands essence ,
select judiciously ,
go from headlines to sidelines
perceive , ,
revival
staid ,
elaborate ,
core products
streamline ,
revamp
breathe life back
make for
bumpy ride ,
upside potential ,
room for development
Listening 2
corporate identity ,
be linked
distinguish , ( )
visual statement ,
key contributor to
economical ,
audit
signage
( ,
, .,
)
keep a low profile
be in the forefront ,
be involved in some ,
wrongdoing
tarnish ,
Listening 3
reinforce a message ,
Dilemma @ Decision
decline ,
reposition the brand
in line with something -
heritage ,
depict the essence of something -
elitism ,
Decision
embrace a market ,
repel
broad appeal ,
downmarket image ,
UNIT 9
Investment
Keynotes
business venture ,
entrepreneur
make financial gains ,
return on investment
business angel ,
fund manager
oversee investment portfolio
ethical investment ,
harm the environment
Preview
reckless ,
calculating
opportunistic
greedy ,
opinionated ,
determined ,
focused ,
prudent ,
judgement
incur losses
better (v)
blue-chip stock
act rashly
perform a transaction
falsify accounts
head-in the clouds loser ,
far-sighted pioneer ,
patient/ impatient /
Reading
Freud, folly and finance
a guide to something -
handle risk ,
make /take decisions
consistently ,
underestimate
overestimate
apply something to something -
-
insight , ,
be in demand
the roots of something , -
justify ,
o -
ignore evidence ,
hard facts
decisive
quote a price
at best /at worst /
question something -
abandon a generally
accepted idea
admit ,
human weakness
put emphasis on something
overvalued
bias [baiəs] ,
fear (v,n) -
adjust the balance
regret something -
assess risks ,
face pressures ,
Speaking (p.78)
bond ,
Practice (p.79)
fine art
be infamous [׳infəməs] for -
something
inaccurately ,
put somebody off , -
the main attraction ,
make a fortune ,
Listening 1
pay off , ( )
price-sensitive market ,
count ,
one step ahead
hands-on (part of a job) ,
Speaking (p. 81)
sustainable company ,
Dilemma @ Decision
highly lucrative
offset ,
UNIT10
Energy
Keynotes
depend directly on
trade in something -
fossil fuel ()
coal
gas (gasoline)
petroleum
end users
derived from
essential components /ingredients
reserves
become scarcer
drive up (prices)
alternative/ renewable energies
pollution
global warming
address (a problem) ,
Reading
Resource depletion
depletion ,
heat up
slash (estimates) ,
soaring
at the pump
wait in line
exaggerate ,
primary indicator
proven reserves
incentive
boost /inflate (estimates)
jump overnight
factor in ( )
closely guarded
peak (v,n)
be reliant on something -
shrink(shrank, shrunk)
basic foodstuffs
render unavailable / unaffordable
invasive drilling techniques
extract
exceed
generate (energy) ,
enough to last well through
the 21st century 21
irresponsible
compound (the problem) ,
shortage
occur
outpace ,
obsolete
put in perspective
devastating
accelerate
noticeable effect ,
If the worst came to the worst ,
collapse (v,n) , ,
sporadic blackout
the mildest preview ,
replacement energy source
have a vested interest
take something for granted
Practice (p. 89)
relative stability
diminish
legacy
be reluctant to subsidise
be disrupted ,
contract ,
Listening 1
be familiar with ,
wind turbines / towers
evaporate ,
solar power
tidal energy
abundant
switch to
household consumption
Practice (p. 90)
satellite
transmit ,
prohibitive (prices)
Dilemma @ Decision
contribute funding to something
be set (to rise) () (
)
Decision
phase out entirely ,
abuse
sensitive , ,
UNIT 11
Going Public
Keynotes
go public ,
stay private
Initial Public Offering (IPO) ,
raise capital ,
,
stock market
public limited company (plc) ()
joint stock company
stock exchange
Securities Exchange Commission
()
file an application
offerings ,
underwrite the offering / issue
Preview
pay off debts
pay back investors
intention
tempting
quarterly result
impose ones views on somebody -
fluctuate
be obliged
disclose information
exercise stock option
,
Reading
Page and Brins Daring IPO
conventional
privately-held company
unbiased
daring ,
cartel
at a discount
privileged/ favoured customer
pay (high) commission(s)
run into $Xmln $X .
put up with
racket
public auction
manage the auction
diminish
fees , ,
brokerage ()
hold a monopoly on something
-
equities
give / receive kickbacks /
cut somebody in on IPOs .
pioneer something
hype ,
under the guise of doing something ,
focus on () -
revolutionise -
bypass ,
collusive
corrupt ,
fair
alienate ,
ally
supplant - ,
be at the forefront
outthink /outflank ,
status quo
Listening 1
project [prədj׳ekt]
work out well ,
timing
in sufficient detail ,
complicated ,
Listening 2
have something ahead - ,
embark on something ( -
)
Dilemma @ Decision
be in full swing
position something as -
road show .
decide on something -
commit oneself to doing ,
something -
injection of capital
modify ones plans ,
Decision
come to an end
compatible
go ahead with something -
UNIT 12
Competition
Keynotes
Winner takes all
switch to another product ,
maintain a competitive advantage
differentiate ,
economies of scale
Preview
in relation to competitors
permanent preoccupation ,
fundamental forces .
rivalry
threat to something -
impose conditions
room for manoeuvre ,
[mə׳nu:və]
substitution/ substitute products
build barriers to -
access to markets
switching costs ,
Speaking (p.102)
adapt
evolve ,
emerge
Reading
Crunch time for Apple
crunch time
have a go at something (.
-)
unveil ,
latest product ,
user-friendliness
niche player ,
contest a market ,
cede something to somebody - -
go from strength to strength ,
at the expense of something -, -
dabble at the bottom
unprecedented ,
outsell
long-standing problem ,
be stuck ,
convert (customers)
mainstream user
peripherals
shrewd ,
snap somebody out of their -
inertia
revered brand ,
accessories ,
bloom ,
lead the market for something -
push something - (. )
come from behind
fight off competition
Listening 1
go on sale
take something by storm -
significant move ,
Listening 2
finalise ,
bring prices down
sales tracking ,
operational ,
be short-staffed
UNIT 13
Banking
Keynotes
institution
monetary policy
fix interest rates
clearing banks
take deposits
make loans
private individuals
lend ,
Preview
exchange rate of a currency
issue (chequebooks) ( )
Listening 1
transactions
arrange for somebody to do
something - -
emerging business ,
assist somebody in doing - -
something
Reading
A path to helping the poor
path ,
see the sense of something - ,
poverty
interest payments on a loan
back a loan ,
collateral
borrowers with bad (
credit history
)
charge (v,n) (, )
benchmark for something ,
assessment of risk factors
available
untapped
absorb , (
-)
Practice(p. 114)
charge interests at (some) rate/ ()
at a rate of
savings account
Listening 2
virtues and vices
client list ,
the envy of somebody -
retain control
Practice(p. 116)
disadvantaged customers
credit-worthiness
worthwhile ,
suffer a slump
Listening 3
have a foothold ,
