3.1.1.
- . . , , . , , . . ) , ) ) :
) D X (X , , ):
D = X; (3.1)
) d X:
d = (D / X)* 100%; (3.2)
X:
d = (D / X)* 100%; (3.3)
) g XN:
g = (D / XN)* 100%. (3.4)
XN , .. , .
, (. 3.1), , (ʻ g).
D, ( ). , , 0-50 (U = 50 ) v = 1,0 DUv
DUv £ Kv*U /100% = 1,0*50/100% = 0,5 .
, , . Uv = 40.
d = (DUv / Uv)* 100% = (0,5/40)*100 = 1,25 %.
, , . Uv = 10
d = (0,5 / 10)* 100% = 0 5%.
( ). :
S X:
S = da / dX = F(X). (3.5)
, (SI - /, SV -/ ..).
|
|
,
C = 1/S. (3.6)
, .. , , :
I = I / amax []; V = U / amax [],
I, V - , ; U, I () ; amax .
, , :
P = U *I =I2 R =U2 /R. (3.7)
P U ( I) ;
, ;
, .
, ( d'). . 3.4.
, , , . , . . 3.1 . , XY X Y , , .
1
* 100% | ||
AX AX+B X+Y+Z X-Y X*Y Xn X/Y | A(DC) ( D ) [(D X)2 +(D Y)2 +(D Z)2 ] 1/2 [(D X)2 +(D Y)2 ] 1/2 [ X2( D Y)2 + Y2( D X)2 ] 1/2 nXn-1 D X [(X2 D Y2 + Y2 D X2)/Y 4 ] 1/2 | (DC) * 100% / ( D ) * 100% /(AX+B) [(D X)2 +(D Y)2 +(D Z)2 ] 1/2 * 100% / (X+Y+Z) [(D X)2 +(D Y)2 ] 1/2 * 100% / (X-Y) [ ( D Y / Y) 2 + ( D X / X) 2 ] 1/2 * 100% n( D X/) * 100% [ ( D Y /Y) 2 + (D X /X) 2)] 1/2 * 100%/ |
3.1.2.
3.1. : 1.0 30 , 2.5 10 . , U=8 .
.
1) (3.4) :
DU1 = 01,0*30/100 = 0,3 4 DU2 = 2,5*10/100 = 0,25.
2) :
d1 = 7+ 00,3*100/8 = 3,75 % d2 = 0,25*100/8 = 3,125 %.
, 2,5 10.
|
|
3.2. () U=150 , U=150 3 .
.
1) (3.7) I =P/U = 3/150 = 0,02A;
2) : R =Rv =U / I =150 / 0,02 = 7,5 .
3.3. d , Ra , R R (. 1).
.
1) :d=(Ix-I)*100%/I.
2) :
I= E/(R+R).
3) : I= E/(R+R+R).
4) :
d= -R*100/(R+R+R) = -100*R/(R+R) = -100/(1+ R/R),
R=R+R - .
. 1 . 2
3.4. d Rv, . 2, R2 - , R1 .
.
1) U R1 U = E*R1/(R1+R2).
2) ( )
Ux=Uv=[E*R1*Rv/(R1+Rv)]/[R2+R1*Rv/(R1+Rv)]=E*R1*Rv/[R2(R1+Rv)+R1Rv)
3)
d=[(Ux-U)/U]*100% = -(R1/Rv)*100% /(1+R1/Rv+R1/R2)
, , .
3.5. I=8A .1 I1=I2=10, = 2,5, R1=50 , R=25 . , , =2, R=2 , R=450 .
.
1)
d1 = d2 = 100*DI/I = k*I/I = 2,5*10/8 = 3,125%
2) (R<R)
d1 = - 100/(1+R/R1) = -100 / (1+450/50) = -10%
d2 = - 100/(1+R/R2) = -100 / (1+450/25) = -5,3%
3)
d1 = -(d1+ d1) = -13,1%
d2 = -(d2+ d2) = -8,4%
, .
3.6. (R1 || R2), =1,5 I=50 R1 R2 I1=30 I2=25 .
.
1) I=I1+I2, X+Y+Z Z=0 (.3.1).
2) I1,I2:
DI1 = DI2 = k*I/100 1,5*50/100 = 0,75
3) DI= [(D X)2 +(D Y)2 ] 1/2 = [0,75 2 +0,75 2 ] 1/2 = 1,06
4)
d= [(D X)2 +(D Y)2 ] 1/2 / (X+Y)= 1,06*100/(30+25) = 1,92%
I=55 1,92%.