܅...1
܅...16
.....40
1. 1
.
2.1.1
| , | - , | ||
| 1, - | 1 , * | 18-20 | |
| 2 , ; | <0.3 | ||
| 3 , | |||
| 4 , | |||
| 5 | 5 | ||
| 6 | |||
| 7 , | |||
| 8 , % | |||
| 9 | |||
| 10 - |
, , [5], . 2.1.2
2.1.2
| - | - | - - , | . . . (T1 =480) | ||
| 1 , * | 18-20 | 0.875 | 0.875 | ||
| 2 , ; | <0.3 | 2.625 2.625 | 2.625 2.625 | ||
| 3 , | 0.5 | 1.5 | |||
| 4 , | |||||
| 5 | 5 | ||||
| 6 | |||||
| 7 , | |||||
| 8 , % | |||||
| 9 | |||||
| 10 - | |||||
| ΣXi | 16,625 |
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|
:
 ,
|
, 3.
1. 2
.
2.2.1
| , | - , | ||
| 2, | 1 , o | 21-22 | |
| 2 , ; | <0.3 | ||
| 3 , | 0.8 | ||
| 4 , 20% 30 | |||
| 5 | |||
| 6 | |||
| 7 , | |||
| 8 , % . . | |||
| 2.2.1 | |||
| 9 9 | |||
| 10 - | |||
| 11 | |||
| 12 |
, , [5], . 2.2.2
2.2.2
| - | - | - - , | . . . (T1 =480) | ||
| 1 , o | 21-22 | 0.9 | 1.75 | ||
| 2.2.2 | |||||
| 2 , ; | <0.3 | 0.9 0.9 | 2.7 2.7 | ||
| 3 , | 0.8 | 0.75 | 0.75 | ||
| 4 , 20% 30 | |||||
| 5 | |||||
| 6 | |||||
| 7 , |
| 8 , % | |||||
| 9 9 | |||||
| 10 - | |||||
| 11 | |||||
| 12 | |||||
| ΣXi | 29.9 |
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:
 ,
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, 3.
2. 2
:
1) ;
2) Q = 0.27;
3) t = -24ºC;
4) υ = 3.2/c;
5) ;
6) ;
7) , , τ = 90 .
:
1 t = -24ºC υ = 3.2/c ρ (/3), - k 2, k 7 k 4.
ρ = 0.862 /3; k 1 = 0.05; k 2 = 0.041; k 3 = 0.27.
k 7 = 
= 0.15
k 4 
= 1.736
2 τ ():
τ = 
≈ 4.037
5 4.037 ( 242 ).
3 , .
4 . 3 k 5 = 1.
5 , τ = 90 , . 2 τ = 4.037 , k 6 = 3.031, .. τ > 4 .
6 () Q = 0.27 Q 1 () Q 2 () :
Q 1 = 0.05 0.27 1 0.15 0.27 = 0.00055;
Q 2 = (10.05)0.0410.271.73613.0310.15(0.27/(0.050.862) = 0.052.
Q 1 = 0.00055 Q 2 = 0.052 .
7 Q 1 , Q 2 υ = 3.2/c 1 = 0.22 , 2 = 15.18 .
8 () :
= 2 + 0.5 1, .. 1<2;
= 15.18 + 0.5 0.22 = 15.29 .
15.29 .
9 . 3 () υ =3.2/c , 15 /.
10 ():
= 3.2/ 5400 = 17280 = 17.28.
17.28 .
11 =min{, }= = 15.29
12 υ =3.2/c φ = 45º.
13 = 15.29 φ = 45º S B (2) :
S B = 8.72 10-3 (15.29)2 45 = 91.737.
91.737 2.
14 . 3 () k 8 = 0.081.
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15 = 15.29 , τ = 90 (1.5), S (2) :
S = 0.081 (15.29)2 (1.5)0.2 = 20.536.
20.536 2.
16 υ =3.2/c 15.29 45º.
17 = 15.29 ( 2.3.1).
2.3.1
| () | ||
| 4.587 | ||
| , | 4.587 | 7.645 |
| 7.645 | 10.703 | |
| 10.703 | 15.29 |
2. 4
:
1) ;
2) Q = 1,71;
3) t = +6ºC;
4) υ = 1.8/c;
5) ;
6) ;
7) , , τ = 125 .
:
1 t = +6ºC υ = 1.8/c ρ (/3), - k 2, k 7 k 4.
ρ = 0.0015 /3; k 1 = 0.27; k 2 = 0.042; k 3 = 0.036.
k 7 = 
= 0.9
k 4 
= 1.264
2 τ ():
τ = 
≈ 0.0016
5 0.0016 ( 6 ).
3 , .
4 . 3 k 5 = 0.23.
5 , τ = 125 , . 2 τ = 0.0016 , k 6 = τ 0.8 = 0.00160.8 = 0.0058.
6 () Q = 1.71 Q 1 () Q 2 () :
Q 1 = 0.27 0.036 0.23 0.9 1.71 = 0.004;
Q 2 = (10.27)0.0420.0361.2640.230.00580.9(1.71/(0.050.0015) = 0.038.
Q 1 = 0.004 Q 2 = 0.038 .
7 Q 1 , Q 2 υ = 1.8/c 1 = 0.59 , 2 = 38.13 .
8 () :
= 2 + 0.5 1, .. 1<2;
= 38.13 + 0.5 0.59 = 38.43 .
38.48 .
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9 . 3 () υ =1.8/c , 12 /.
10 ():
= 1.8/ 7500 = 13500 = 13.5 .
13.5 .
11 =min{, }= = 13.5 .
12 υ =1.8/c φ = 90º.
13 = 13.5 φ = 90º S B (2) :
S B = 8.72 10-3 (13.5)2 90 = 143.
143 2.
14 . 3 () k 8 = 0.133.
15 = 13.5 , τ = 125 (2.01 ), S (2) :
S = 0.133 (13.5)2 (2.01)0.2 = 27,871.
27.871 2.
16 υ =1.8/c 13.5 90º.
17 = 13.5 ( 2.4.1).
2.4.1
| () | ||
| 4.05 | ||
| , | 4.05 | 6.75 |
| 6.75 | 9.45 | |
| 9.45 | 13.5 |
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