1. .
2. (, ).
3. .
4. .
1.
1. 5 .
2. 12 (.3.1).
3. 8 , 10.
4. 6 0 7.
5. 4 .
6. 6 0 90 10 . 5.1.
7. 180 ( ), . 180 ÷ 90, 180 ÷ 270, 360 ÷ 270 10 5.1.
8. .
9. 
.
,
~ J, 0 .
5.1
| α, | , | α, | , | α, | , | α, | , | α, | cos2 α | |
| 0 90 | 180 90 | 180 270 | 360 270 | 0 90 |
2.
1. 10, 9, .
2. 6.
3. .
4. ( ).
5. 8 , .
6. , ( , σ = 0), (: , , , ) .
7. 5.3, . 5.2.
1 .
8. (2.8), = 170 10-10 2/, , .
9. σ - 
.
|
|
|
5.2
5.3
| Δ 1010 | Δ 1010 | ||||
| I | - - | III | - | ||
| II | - | IV |
. , , - .
:
1. ;
2. ;
3. 
, 
, ;
4. .
1. , ?
2. ?
3. .
4. .
1. .. . .: . 1998.
2. .. . .: , 1976.
3. .. . .: , 2002.
