.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


, : = { a, b, c, d }, B = {1, 2, 3, 4}, :

= { x / 2< x < 9, }, .. C = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}.

Ø, .

U , .

, .

: . .

.

= {7, 8, 10, 12}, = {7, 12}.

.

. U , , .

, , .

 
 

 


 

.

= {7, 8, 10, 12}, = {9, 10, 11, 12}.

= {7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

, , , .

 
 


.

= {7, 8, 10, 12}, = {9, 10, 11, 12}.

= {10, 12}.

\ , , , .

 
 

 


 

.

= {7, 8, 10, 12}, = {9, 10, 11, 12}.

\ = {7, 8}

\ .

 

 
 

 


.

= {7, 8, 10, 12}, U = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}.

\ = {6, 9, 11}.

() .

.

= { , b }.

() = {{ Ø }, { }, { b }, { , b }}.

R () , .

           
   
     
U
 
 
X
 

 


R () = {X1, X2, X3, X4}.

.

= { , b, c }.

R () = {{ }, { b, c }} R () = {{ , b }, { c }} R () = {{ , }, { b }}.

() , , .

: . , .

Y , , Y.

: . Y.

Y , , Y.

: . Y.

Y , , , Y - .

: . Y, , Y.

Y , , Y .

: ; ~ Y. , Y, Y.

 

X Y

( )

 


1. 50 6 . 28 , 25, 26. 14 , 12, 12. 5 . ? , -.

.

, , , . U . - .

:

. -.

 

 


 
 
 

           
 
7
   
 
 
 
   
7

 

 


, ,

.

, ,

.

, 4 .

 

2. U = {1,3,4, 5,6,7,8} X = {1,3,5,7}, Y = {3,5,7,8}, Z = {1,4,7,8}. Z X.

.

Z. , , , , :

{ Ø, {1}, {4}, {7}, {8}, {1,4}, {1,7}, {1,8}, {4,7}, {4,8}, {7,8}, {1,4,7}, {1,4,8}, {1,7,8}, {4,7,8}, {1,4,7,8}.

, , , ,

: , ( =Ø, = Ø, Ø), :

.

, X: .

:

{1,3,5,7} \ {3,5,7,8} = {1} ( );

U \ Z = {1,3,4, 5,6,7,8} \ {1,4,7,8} = {3, 5,6} ( );

={1} {3, 5,6} = ( ).

, = .

 

3. :

.

.

X Y

( )

, :

 

 



<== | ==>
| . .
:


: 2016-12-18; !; : 350 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1545 - | 1383 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.032 .