ВАРИАНТ №13
I.Прочитайте и переведите текст
MOSCOW
Moscow was founded in 1147 by the prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Moscow is the capital and the largest city of Russia. It is also the capital of Moscow region. It stands on the banks of the Moskva River. More than nine million people live in the city. Moscow is the economic, political and cultural centre of Russia. Railways and numerous airlines link the city with all parts of Russia. Moscow Canal, the Moskva River, and Volga-Don Canal link Moscow with the Baltic Sea, the White Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Sea of Azov.
Moscow covers the area of about 880 square kilometres. Concentric boulevards divide the city into several sections. At the centre of the concentric circles are the fortress Kremlin and the Red Square.
The Kremlin has the shape of a triangle with one side along the north bank of the Moskva River. A stone wall, up to 21 metres in height with 19 towers, surrounds this triangular complex of former palaces, cathedrals, and other monuments. The Great Kremlin Palace, completed in 1849, is the most impressive structure inside the Kremlin. Other famous Kremlin palaces are the Granovitaya Palace (built in 1491) and the Terem (built in 1636).
Among many cathedrals, now used mainly as museums, are the Cathedral of the Assumption (Успения) and the Archangel Cathedral, each with five gilded domes, and the Cathedral of the Annunciation (Благовещения) (built in 13th—14th century), with nine gilded domes. The bell tower of Ivan the Great has the height of 98 metres. On a nearby pedestal is the Tsar Bell (nearly 200 tons), one of the largest in the world. A recent addition to the Kremlin is the Palace of Congresses, completed in 1961.
St. Basil's Cathedral, a masterpiece of Russian architecture with coloured domes, stands at one end of Red Square and at the other end there is Historical Museum.
Other points of interest in Moscow include the Central Lenin Stadium, comprising about 130 buildings for various sports and the tall Ostankino TV tower, which contains a revolving restaurant and an observation platform. Moscow has a modern railway underground system (Metro) famous for its marble-walled stations.
Moscow is a scientific and cultural center with a lot of institutes, universities, libraries and museums. The city leads a vast cultural life. It has a lot of cinemas, clubs, concert halls, more than 40 drama and musical theatres, including the Bolshoi Theatre, the Art Theatre, the Maly Theatre, the Vakhtangov Theatre.
Muscovites are proud of their museums: the Tretyakov Art Gallery, the A. S. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Historical Museum. Crowds of people visit Tretyakov Gallery to see beautiful pictures of Russian painters.
There are a lot of big plants and factories in Moscow. Among the products are aircraft, high-quality steel, ball bearings, cars and other motor vehicles, machine tools, electrical equipment, precision instruments, radios, chemicals, textiles, shoes, paper, furniture. Food processing, printing, and the repair of rail equipment are important industries.
THE UNITED KINGDOM
The United Kingdom, officially named the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is an island nation and constitutional monarchy in north-western Europe. The names «United Kingdom», «Great, Britain», and «England» are often used interchangeably.
Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles. The island of Great Britain has the length of 974 kilometres and the width of 531 kilometres. It comprises England, Scotland and Wales. Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, occupies the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,000 square kilometres. Great Britain is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe. The population of the United Kingdom is more than 59 million people. The capital and the largest city is London.
The climate of the United Kingdom is mild. The mildness is an effect of the warm Gulf Stream. This current brings warm south-west winds that raise winter temperatures, lower summer temperatures and bring the cyclones with rains. The western side of the United Kingdom is warmer than the eastern; the south is warmer than the north. The mean annual temperature is 6°C in the far north of Scotland; 11°C in the south-west of England. Winter temperatures are seldom below —10°C and summer temperatures rarely higher than 32°C. The sea winds also. Rains fall frequently turning to snow in the winter. The western side of Britain is much wetter than the eastern.
Great Britain is one of the world's leading commercial and industrialized nations. In terms of gross national product (GNP) it ranks fifth in the world, with Italy, after the United States, Japan, Germany, and France.
II.Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:
1) concentric boulevards 6) official named
2) the shape of a triangle 7) are often used
3) a stone wall 8) also known as
4) the bell tower 9) densely populated countries
5) repair of rail equipment 10) annual temperature
III.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
1) самый большой город России 6) общая площадь
2) многочисленные воздушные линии 7) зимние
температуры
3) большие заводы и фабрики 8) теплые юго-
западные ветра
4) девять позолоченных куполов 9) летние
температуры
5)высококачественная сталь 10)валовой национальный
продукт
IV.Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык:
Lead, industry, west, frequent, east, equip, science, large, electric, king.
V.Задайте к выделенному в тексте предложению все типы вопросов: общий, альтернативный, разделительный, два специальных: а) к подлежащему, б) к любому члену предложения.
VI.Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: формы глаголов to be, to have; оборот there is/are; степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий; множественное число существительных; Present, Past, Future Simple Active/Passive; модальные глаголы.
1. Moscow is the capital and the largest city of Russia.
2. There are a lot of big plants and factories in Moscow.
3.It has a lot of cinemas, clubs, concert halls, more than 40 drama and musical theatres.
4. TV tower, which contains a revolving restaurant and an observation platform.
5. Great Britain is one of the world's leading commercial and industrialized nations.
VII.Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1. When was Moscow founded?
2. Who founded Moscow?
3. Where is Moscow located?
4. What is the official name of the United Kingdom?
5. What is the population of the United Kingdom?
6. What is the length of Great Britain?
7. What names are often used interchangeably?
VIII.Составьте аннотацию к тексту (2 - 3 предложения).
