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FAQ

IV, V, VI

4.1

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IV AI3+, 3+, Zn2+, Sn2+, SnIV, AsIII, AsV :
AI3+ (1,2- 14H6O2OH)    
    Fe3+, Bi3+ 8,59,5
(NO)2   2Al2(SO4)3+2Co(NO3)2=2Co(AlO2)2+6SO3+4NO2+O2     Zn2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Ni2+
NH3        
3+ NH3 () - (-)    
()     1 + 3NaOH = (H)3 + 3NaCl 3+ + - = Cr(OH)3 2 () + 6NaOH =2 Na3[Cr(OH)6] () + 3OH- = [Cr(OH)6]3-    
Cr3+: ) H2O2 Na2O2     2Na3[Cr(OH)6]+3H2O2=2Na2CrO4+8H2O+2NaOH 2[Cr(OH)6]3-+3H2O2+-=2CrO42-+8H2O+2OH-    

 

4.1 ()

  ) 4   5Cr2(SO4)3+6KMnO4+11H2O=5H2Cr2O7+6MnSO4+3K2SO4+6H2SO4 10Cr3++6MnO4-+11H2O=5Cr2O72-+6Mn2++22H+      
) (NH4)2S2O8       Cr2(SO4)3+3(NH4)2S2O8+7H2O=(NH4)2Cr2O7+ 2(NH4)2SO4 2Cr3++3S2O82-+7H2O=Cr2O72-+6SO42-+14H+    
  Zn2+   ZnCI2 + 2NH3 + 2 = Zn ()2 + 2NH4Cl Zn ()2 + 4NH3 = [Zn (NH3)4]()2      
  2ZnCl2 + 2Na2CO3 + 2 = Zn2()2CO3 + 4NaCl +CO2 2Zn2+ + 232- + H2O= Zn2()2CO3 + CO2      
  () K4[Fe(CN)6]   3ZnSO4 + 24 [Fe (CN)6] = 2Zn3[Fe (CN)6]2 + 2S4 Zn2+ + 2 [Fe (CN)6]4- + 2K+ = 2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2    
  ()      
V Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Bi3+, Sb3+, Sb5+ :
Fe2+ NaOH,   F2++2O-=F()2 4Fe(OH)2+22O+2= 4F()3  

 

4.1 ()

    2NH3 + 2O + FeSO4 = Fe()2 + (NH4)2SO4  
(III) 3[Fe(CN)6]   2[Fe(CN)6]3-+3Fe2+ =Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2    
( ) -    
Fe2+ Fe3+      
Fe3+ , NaOH NH3   Fe3++-=Fe(OH)3      
(II) K4[Fe(CN)6]        
NH4SCN   Fe3+ + 3SCN-= Fe(SCN)3      
Bi3+   113+22O=i()21+2l Bi(OH)2Cl=BiOCl+H2O      
, NaOH   Bi3++3OH-=Bi(OH)3        
KI        

 

 

4.1 ()

Mg2+ NaOH NH3      
Na2HPO4   MgSO4 + Na2HPO4 + NH3 = MgNH4PO4 + Na2SO4 Mg2+ + HPO42- + NH3 = MgNH4PO4      
  . .    
I (--) II(---α-)      
Sb3+   SbCl3+H2O=SbOCI+2l      
Na2S2O3   2SbCl3+2Na2S2O3 +32O=Sb2OS2 + 2H2SO4+4NaCl+2l 2Sb3+ +2S2O32-+3H2O= Sb2OS2 + 6H++SO42-    
Sb3+ (Zn, Fe, AI)   3Zn + 2SbCl3= 2Sb+3ZnCl2    
n2+ , NaOH   n2+ + 2O-= n()2    
   
n2+ 4- )       2Mn(NO3)2 + 52 + 6HNO3 = 2HMnO4 + 5Pb(NO3)2 + 2H2O 2n2+ + 52 + 4+ = 24-+ 52+ + 22O  

4.1 ()

  ) (NH4)2S2O8   2MnSO4+5(NH4)2S2O8+82O=2HMnO4+ 5(NH4)2SO4+7H2SO4 22++5S2O82-+8H2O=24-+10SO42-+10+    
VI u2+ , Hg2+, Cd2+, 2+, Ni2+ :
u2+ , NaOH      
  uSO4 + 4NH3 = [u (N3)4]SO4  
Na2S2O3   : 2CuSO4 + 4Na2S2O3 = 3Na2SO4 + Na2S4O6 + SO2 + S +Cu2S : CuSO4 + Na2S2O3= Na2SO4 + CuS2O3 CuS2O3+H2O=CuS+H2SO4      
,   Cu2+ + Zn= u + Zn2+    
H2S Na2S      
Hg2+ Na2S2O3   HgCI2 + H2S = HgS + 21    

 

4.1 ()

       
  Hg (N)2 + 2KI = HgI2 + 2KNO3 Hg2+ + 2I- = HgI2, HgI2 + 2KI = 2 [HgI4] HI2 + 21- = [HgI4]2-      
SnCl2   2HgCl2 + SnCI2= Hg2Cl2+SnCl4 Hg2Cl2 + SnCl2 = 2Hg + SnCI4        
2+      
( ) NH4SCN (KSCN)   l2 + 4NH4SCN= (NH4)2[Co(SCN)4] + 2NH4Cl 2+ + 4SCN-= [ (SCN)4]2-      
Ni2+ ( )      
Cd2+        
  H2S + CdCl2= 2HC1 + CdS H2S + Cd2+= CdS + 2+      

 

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