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, (, ), . (, ), , . , , , , . , , , . , .

, , , . "conduit metaphor" ' ' (' '). , , , , :

( ) .

.

().

() () ( conduit) , / /. ( ), , , 70 % , , . :

It's hard to get an idea across to him ' () '. I gave you that. idea ' '. Your reasons came through to us .: ' '. It's difficult to put my ideas into words ' '. When you have a good idea, try to capture it immediately in words

' , '.
Try to pack more thought into fewer words .: ' '.

You can't simply stuff ideas into a sentence any old way

' '.

The meaning is right there in the words

' '.

Don't force your meanings into the wrong words

.: ' () '.

His words carry little meaning

' '.

The introduction has a great deal of thought content

.: ' '

Your words seem hollow

' '.

The sentence is without meaning

' '.

The idea is buried in terribly dense paragraphs

' '.

, , . , , . , , , .

, , . , , . , . , , , .

The meaning is right there in the words

' ';

, . . :

Please sit in the apple-juice seat

.: ', , '.

, , apple-juice seat - . , . , , . : , . , apple-juice seat ', '. , , - , apple-juice seat.

, , , . :

We need new alternative sources of energy

' () '.

. : , , , . , , , , .

, , , , ; () . , , . , , . , . (If you spend your time), , , . . (I can give you a lot of time), , (you can give me back the same amount of time}. . , .

, , , . , , (dress them up in fancy clothes), (juggle them), (line them up nice and neat) . . , , , , , .

 

IV

 

, , , . , , , . , , , , , , . , . ; , HAPPY IS UP ' '. , (, ) (the concept HAPPY is oriented UP), , I'm feeling up today ' ( )'.

. , . . , . , , . , , . . , .

HAPPY IS UP; SAD IS DOWN ' ; '

I'm feeling up ' '. That boosted my spirits ' '. My spirits rose ' '. You're in high spirits ' (.: ) '. Thinking about her always gives me a lift ' (.: ) '. I'm feeling down ' (.: )'. I'm depressed ' (.: }'. He's really low these days ' '. I fell into a depression ' (.: )'. My spirits sank ' ' (.: ' ').

. , , .

CONSCIOUS IS UP, UNCONSCIOUS IS DOWN ' ; '

Get up ''. Wake up ''. I'm up already ' '. rises early in the morning ' '. fell asleep ' (.: )'. dropped off to sleep ' '. is under hypnosis ' '. sank into a coma ' '.

. , , .

HEALTH AND LIFE ARE UP; SICKNESS AND DEATH ARE DOWN
' ; - '

He's at the peak of health ' ' (.:' ').

Lazarus rose from the dead ' '. is in top shape ' '. As to his health, he's way up there ' , '. fell ill ' (.: )'. is sinking fast ' (.: )'. came down with the flu ' (.: )'. His health is declining ' (.: )'. dropped dead
' '.

. . .

HAVING CONTROL OF FORCE IS UP; BEING SUBJECT TO CONTROL OR FORCE IS DOWN ' ; '

I have control over her ' (.: )'. I am on top of the situation ' (.: )'. He's in a superior position ' '. He's at the height of his power ' '. He's in the high command ' '. He's in the upper echelon ' '. His power rose ' (.: )'. ranks above me in strength ' (.: )'. He's under my control ' '. fell from power ' (.: )'. His power is on the decline ' ''. He is my social inferior ' '. is low man on the totem pole ' '.

. , .

MORE IS UP; LESS IS DOWN 'Ŕ - ; Ŕ - '

The number of books printed each year keeps going up ' , , (.: )'. His draft number is high ' '. My income rose last year ' '. The amount of artistic activity in this state has gone down in the past year ' '. The number of errors he made is incredibly low ' (.: )'. His income fell last year ' '. is underage ' (.: '-)'. If you're too hot, turn the heat down ' , (.: )'.

. - , .

FORESEEABLE FUTURE EVENTS ARE UP (AND AHEAD) ' ( )'.

All upcoming events are listed in the paper ' (.: eeepx-) '. What's coming up this week? ' (.: ) ?' I'm afraid of what's up ahead of us ' , (.: , )'. What's up? ' ?' (.: ' "!).

. , ( ). , ( ), . , , .

HIGH STATUS IS UP; LOW STATUS IS DOWN ' ;

has a lofty position ' '. She'll rise to the top ' (.: )'. He's at the peak of his career ' '. He's climbing the ladder ' (.: )'.
has little upward mobility ' ' (.: ' '). He's at the bottom of the social hierarchy ' '. She fell in status ' '.

. () , () .

GOOD IS UP; BAD IS DOWN ' ; '

Things are looking up ' (.: )'. We hit a peak last year, but it's been downhill ever since ' , (.: )'. Things are at an all-time low ' '. does high- quality work ' '.

. , , , , .

VIRTUE IS UP; DEPRAVITY IS DOWN ' ; '

is high-minded ' (.: )'. She has high standards ' '. She is upright ' (, .: )'. She is an upstanding citizen ' (.: , ) '. That was a low trick ' '. Don't be underhanded 'He '. I wouldn't stoop to that ' (.: ) '. That would be beneath me ' (.: ) '. fell in the abyss of depravity ' (.: )'. That was a low-down thing to do ' '.

. ( ); , , ( , ). , / . , , /. , /.

RATIONAL IS UP; EMOTIONAL IS DOWN ' ; - '

The discussion fell to the emotional level but I raised it back up to the rational plane ' (.: ), (.: )'. We put our feelings aside and had a high-level intellectual discussion of the matter ' '. couldn't rise above his emotions ' '.

. , , , . , , , , .

. , :

.

. , HAPPY IS UP ' ' , . ( , , , I'm feeling up ' ', My spirits rose ' '.)

, . , , , - , , . - .

; . . ( , , .)

. , . , , , (). HAPPY IS WIDE; SAD IS NARROW ' - ; ܗ'. , , , , I'm feeling expansive .: ' , ; '; , I'm feeling up. ; , , . , . .

, - , . . , , . ? , . , .

, , , , , / . high high-energy particles ' ' MORE IS UP ' '. High high-level functions ' ', , RATIONAL IS UP ' '. low low-level phonology ' ' ( , ) MUNDANE REALITY IS LOW ' () -' (. down-to-earth ' , '). , .

. .

, .

. . - . , . , . , . , , , . , ; , .

. , .

, .

. - is '' [1]. MORE IS UP ' ', , .

, , . , , ; That's up in the air ' ' The matter is settled ' '. UNDERSTANDING IS GRASPING ' ()', I couldn't grasp his explanation ' '. , - , . , , , ( ). ; .

, ( I'm finishing up ' '). , , . . , - .

 

V

 

. , , .

( ) .

( ) .

( ) .

( ) .

.

.

(There will be more in the future) .

.

. . . ( ). , . , , , . , , , ; , , , .

. , , , , , . ( ) , , . , , , , . Inflation is rising ' ' The crime rate is going up ' '. ; , .

, , . , . , , , , , , . , , , . ( ), , . , , .

, , , , . . , , . , . , . , , ; , , . , () ( ). , . , , , . - , , - , , . . , , , , .

, , , , . . , , .

, . , , . . ; . , , , , . . , , , , , .

 

VI

 

. , , -./ -. (on off), . , , , . , . . , . , , , .

, , , , . ., . . , , . , , .

, , ( ), , , , , . . .

; . , , , , (entity), inflation ''. :

Inflation is lowering our standard of living

' '.

If there's much more inflation, we'll never survive

' (.: ), '.

We need to combat inflation

' '.

Inflation is backing us into a corner

' '.

Inflation is taking its toll at the checkout counter and the gas pump

' '.

Buying land is the best way of dealing with inflation

' '.

Inflation makes me sick

' '.

, , , , , . .

, , . , .

(referring)

My fear of insects is driving my wife crazy

' '.

That was a beautiful catch

' '.

We are working toward peace

' '.

The middle class is a powerful silent force in American politics

' '.

The honor of our country is at stake in this war

' '.

will take a lot of patience to finish this book

' '.

There is so much hatred in the world

' '.

DuPont has a lot of political power in Delaware

' '.

You've got too much hostility in you

' '.

Pete Rose has a lot of hustle and baseball know-how

' '.

The ugly side of his personality comes out under pressure'

'.

The brutality of war dehumanizes us all

' - '.

I can't keep up with the pace of modern life

' '.

His emotional health has deteriorated recently '

'.

We never got to feel the thrill of victory in Vietnam

' '.

The pressure of his responsibilities caused his breakdown

'.

did it out of anger

' '.

Our influence in the world has declined because of our lack of moral fiber

' - '.

Internal dissension cost them the pennant

' '.

went to New York to seek fame and fortune

' - ,'.

Here's what you have to do to insure financial security '

'.

I'm changing m way of life so that I can find true happiness

' , '.

The FBI will act quickly in the face of a threat to national security

' '.

She saw getting married as the solution to her problems

' '.

, . , , , , . . , . . THE MIND IS AN ENTITY ' ', .

(MIND) - [2]

We're still trying to grind out the solution to this equation

' (.: , ) '.

My mind just isn't operating today

'.

Boy, the wheels are turning nowl

' , !'

I'm a little rusty today

' - (.: )'.

We've been working on this problem all day and now we're running out of steam

' , '.

(MIND) -

Her ego is very fragile

' (.: "") '.

You have to handle him with care since his wife's death

' '.

broke under cross-examination

' '.

She is easily crushed

' '.

The experience shattered him

' '.

I'm going to pieces

' '.

His mind snapped

.: ' '.

. . - , : , ( ), , , . - : , . , . :

broke down

' ' ( - ).

He cracked up

' (.: )' ( - ).

. , . , . , , - , : cracked up. , , , : broke down.

, . , , . cracked under pressure ' ' . , - . . , - , ; .

,

. , ; . , . , . , . . , . , , , , , . . , ( ) , . , , , . , , , , , , . , . , . , , , . - . , , , : There's a lot of land in Kansas ' '.

() . , , . , . , . -, -.

. , . "visual field ( )". ; , , ( , . .), . , , - . , :

The ship is coming into view

' (.: }'.

I have him in sight

' '.

I can't see him the tree is in the way

' (.: ) '.

He's out of sight now

' '.

That's in the center of my field of vision

' '.

There's nothing in sight

' '.

I can't get all of the ships in sight at once

' '.

, , . , , () (events, actions, activities, and states). , ( ) , . , (race) , (). , . -, ( ), ( ) , ( ). , :

Are you in the race on Sunday?

' ?' ( -).

Are you going to the race?

' ?' ( ).

Did you see the race?

' ?' ( ).

The finish of the race was really exciting

' ' ( - -).

There was a lot of good running in the race

' (.: )' ( ).

I couldn't do much sprinting until the end

' (.: ) ' ( ).

Halfway into the race, I ran out of energy

' (.: ) ' ( -).

He's out of the race now

' (.: ) ' ( -).

() :

In washing the window, I splashed water all over the floor

' (.: ), '.

How did Jerry get out of washing the windows?

' (.: ) ?'

Outside of washing the windows, what else did you do?

' (.: ), ?'

How much window-washing did you do?

' ?' (.: ' ?').

How did you get into window-washing as a profession?

' (.: ) ?'

He's immersed in washing the windows right now

' (.: ) '.

, () , . , , , :

I put a lot of energy into washing the windows

' '.

I get a lot of satisfaction out of washing windows

' (.: ) '.

There is a lot of satisfaction in washing windows

' (.: )'.

. , :

He's in love

' (.: )'.

We're out of trouble now

' (.: ) '.

He's coming out of the coma

' '.

I'm slowly getting into shape

' '.

entered a state of euphoria

' '.

fell into a depression

' '.

finally emerged from the catatonic state he had been in since the end of finals week

' , '.

 

1. - . . .

2. . mind body '' , (, ), , . . mind . . .

 





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