, (, ), . (, ), , . , , , , . , , , . , .
, , , . "conduit metaphor" ' ' (' '). , , , , :
( ) .
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().
() () ( conduit) , / /. ( ), , , 70 % , , . :
It's hard to get an idea across to him ' () '. I gave you that. idea ' '. Your reasons came through to us .: ' '. It's difficult to put my ideas into words ' '. When you have a good idea, try to capture it immediately in words
' , '.
Try to pack more thought into fewer words .: ' '.
You can't simply stuff ideas into a sentence any old way
' '.
The meaning is right there in the words
' '.
Don't force your meanings into the wrong words
.: ' () '.
His words carry little meaning
' '.
The introduction has a great deal of thought content
.: ' '
Your words seem hollow
' '.
The sentence is without meaning
' '.
The idea is buried in terribly dense paragraphs
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The meaning is right there in the words
' ';
, . . :
Please sit in the apple-juice seat
.: ', , '.
, , apple-juice seat - . , . , , . : , . , apple-juice seat ', '. , , - , apple-juice seat.
, , , . :
We need new alternative sources of energy
' () '.
. : , , , . , , , , .
, , , , ; () . , , . , , . , . (If you spend your time), , , . . (I can give you a lot of time), , (you can give me back the same amount of time}. . , .
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, , , . , , (dress them up in fancy clothes), (juggle them), (line them up nice and neat) . . , , , , , .
IV
, , , . , , , . , , , , , , . , . ; , HAPPY IS UP ' '. , (, ) (the concept HAPPY is oriented UP), , I'm feeling up today ' ( )'.
. , . . , . , , . , , . . , .
HAPPY IS UP; SAD IS DOWN ' ; '
I'm feeling up ' '. That boosted my spirits ' '. My spirits rose ' '. You're in high spirits ' (.: ) '. Thinking about her always gives me a lift ' (.: ) '. I'm feeling down ' (.: )'. I'm depressed ' (.: }'. He's really low these days ' '. I fell into a depression ' (.: )'. My spirits sank ' ' (.: ' ').
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CONSCIOUS IS UP, UNCONSCIOUS IS DOWN ' ; '
Get up ''. Wake up ''. I'm up already ' '. rises early in the morning ' '. fell asleep ' (.: )'. dropped off to sleep ' '. is under hypnosis ' '. sank into a coma ' '.
. , , .
HEALTH AND LIFE ARE UP; SICKNESS AND DEATH ARE DOWN
' ; - '
He's at the peak of health ' ' (.:' ').
Lazarus rose from the dead ' '. is in top shape ' '. As to his health, he's way up there ' , '. fell ill ' (.: )'. is sinking fast ' (.: )'. came down with the flu ' (.: )'. His health is declining ' (.: )'. dropped dead
' '.
. . .
HAVING CONTROL OF FORCE IS UP; BEING SUBJECT TO CONTROL OR FORCE IS DOWN ' ; '
I have control over her ' (.: )'. I am on top of the situation ' (.: )'. He's in a superior position ' '. He's at the height of his power ' '. He's in the high command ' '. He's in the upper echelon ' '. His power rose ' (.: )'. ranks above me in strength ' (.: )'. He's under my control ' '. fell from power ' (.: )'. His power is on the decline ' ''. He is my social inferior ' '. is low man on the totem pole ' '.
. , .
MORE IS UP; LESS IS DOWN 'Ŕ - ; Ŕ - '
The number of books printed each year keeps going up ' , , (.: )'. His draft number is high ' '. My income rose last year ' '. The amount of artistic activity in this state has gone down in the past year ' '. The number of errors he made is incredibly low ' (.: )'. His income fell last year ' '. is underage ' (.: '-)'. If you're too hot, turn the heat down ' , (.: )'.
. - , .
FORESEEABLE FUTURE EVENTS ARE UP (AND AHEAD) ' ( )'.
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All upcoming events are listed in the paper ' (.: eeepx-) '. What's coming up this week? ' (.: ) ?' I'm afraid of what's up ahead of us ' , (.: , )'. What's up? ' ?' (.: ' "!).
. , ( ). , ( ), . , , .
HIGH STATUS IS UP; LOW STATUS IS DOWN ' ;
has a lofty position ' '. She'll rise to the top ' (.: )'. He's at the peak of his career ' '. He's climbing the ladder ' (.: )'.
has little upward mobility ' ' (.: ' '). He's at the bottom of the social hierarchy ' '. She fell in status ' '.
. () , () .
GOOD IS UP; BAD IS DOWN ' ; '
Things are looking up ' (.: )'. We hit a peak last year, but it's been downhill ever since ' , (.: )'. Things are at an all-time low ' '. does high- quality work ' '.
. , , , , .
VIRTUE IS UP; DEPRAVITY IS DOWN ' ; '
is high-minded ' (.: )'. She has high standards ' '. She is upright ' (, .: )'. She is an upstanding citizen ' (.: , ) '. That was a low trick ' '. Don't be underhanded 'He '. I wouldn't stoop to that ' (.: ) '. That would be beneath me ' (.: ) '. fell in the abyss of depravity ' (.: )'. That was a low-down thing to do ' '.
. ( ); , , ( , ). , / . , , /. , /.
RATIONAL IS UP; EMOTIONAL IS DOWN ' ; - '
The discussion fell to the emotional level but I raised it back up to the rational plane ' (.: ), (.: )'. We put our feelings aside and had a high-level intellectual discussion of the matter ' '. couldn't rise above his emotions ' '.
. , , , . , , , , .
. , :
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. , HAPPY IS UP ' ' , . ( , , , I'm feeling up ' ', My spirits rose ' '.)
, . , , , - , , . - .
; . . ( , , .)
. , . , , , (). HAPPY IS WIDE; SAD IS NARROW ' - ; ܗ'. , , , , I'm feeling expansive .: ' , ; '; , I'm feeling up. ; , , . , . .
, - , . . , , . ? , . , .
, , , , , / . high high-energy particles ' ' MORE IS UP ' '. High high-level functions ' ', , RATIONAL IS UP ' '. low low-level phonology ' ' ( , ) MUNDANE REALITY IS LOW ' () -' (. down-to-earth ' , '). , .
. .
, .
. . - . , . , . , . , , , . , ; , .
. , .
, .
. - is '' [1]. MORE IS UP ' ', , .
, , . , , ; That's up in the air ' ' The matter is settled ' '. UNDERSTANDING IS GRASPING ' ()', I couldn't grasp his explanation ' '. , - , . , , , ( ). ; .
, ( I'm finishing up ' '). , , . . , - .
V
. , , .
( ) .
( ) .
( ) .
( ) .
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(There will be more in the future) .
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. . . ( ). , . , , , . , , , ; , , , .
. , , , , , . ( ) , , . , , , , . Inflation is rising ' ' The crime rate is going up ' '. ; , .
, , . , . , , , , , , . , , , . ( ), , . , , .
, , , , . . , , . , . , . , , ; , , . , () ( ). , . , , , . - , , - , , . . , , , , .
, , , , . . , , .
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VI
. , , -./ -. (on off), . , , , . , . . , . , , , .
, , , , . ., . . , , . , , .
, , ( ), , , , , . . .
; . , , , , (entity), inflation ''. :
Inflation is lowering our standard of living
' '.
If there's much more inflation, we'll never survive
' (.: ), '.
We need to combat inflation
' '.
Inflation is backing us into a corner
' '.
Inflation is taking its toll at the checkout counter and the gas pump
' '.
Buying land is the best way of dealing with inflation
' '.
Inflation makes me sick
' '.
, , , , , . .
, , . , .
(referring)
My fear of insects is driving my wife crazy
' '.
That was a beautiful catch
' '.
We are working toward peace
' '.
The middle class is a powerful silent force in American politics
' '.
The honor of our country is at stake in this war
' '.
will take a lot of patience to finish this book
' '.
There is so much hatred in the world
' '.
DuPont has a lot of political power in Delaware
' '.
You've got too much hostility in you
' '.
Pete Rose has a lot of hustle and baseball know-how
' '.
The ugly side of his personality comes out under pressure'
'.
The brutality of war dehumanizes us all
' - '.
I can't keep up with the pace of modern life
' '.
His emotional health has deteriorated recently '
'.
We never got to feel the thrill of victory in Vietnam
' '.
The pressure of his responsibilities caused his breakdown
'.
did it out of anger
' '.
Our influence in the world has declined because of our lack of moral fiber
' - '.
Internal dissension cost them the pennant
' '.
went to New York to seek fame and fortune
' - ,'.
Here's what you have to do to insure financial security '
'.
I'm changing m way of life so that I can find true happiness
' , '.
The FBI will act quickly in the face of a threat to national security
' '.
She saw getting married as the solution to her problems
' '.
, . , , , , . . , . . THE MIND IS AN ENTITY ' ', .
(MIND) - [2]
We're still trying to grind out the solution to this equation
' (.: , ) '.
My mind just isn't operating today
'.
Boy, the wheels are turning nowl
' , !'
I'm a little rusty today
' - (.: )'.
We've been working on this problem all day and now we're running out of steam
' , '.
(MIND) -
Her ego is very fragile
' (.: "") '.
You have to handle him with care since his wife's death
' '.
broke under cross-examination
' '.
She is easily crushed
' '.
The experience shattered him
' '.
I'm going to pieces
' '.
His mind snapped
.: ' '.
. . - , : , ( ), , , . - : , . , . :
broke down
' ' ( - ).
He cracked up
' (.: )' ( - ).
. , . , . , , - , : cracked up. , , , : broke down.
, . , , . cracked under pressure ' ' . , - . . , - , ; .
,
. , ; . , . , . , . . , . , , , , , . . , ( ) , . , , , . , , , , , , . , . , . , , , . - . , , , : There's a lot of land in Kansas ' '.
() . , , . , . , . -, -.
. , . "visual field ( )". ; , , ( , . .), . , , - . , :
The ship is coming into view
' (.: }'.
I have him in sight
' '.
I can't see him the tree is in the way
' (.: ) '.
He's out of sight now
' '.
That's in the center of my field of vision
' '.
There's nothing in sight
' '.
I can't get all of the ships in sight at once
' '.
, , . , , () (events, actions, activities, and states). , ( ) , . , (race) , (). , . -, ( ), ( ) , ( ). , :
Are you in the race on Sunday?
' ?' ( -).
Are you going to the race?
' ?' ( ).
Did you see the race?
' ?' ( ).
The finish of the race was really exciting
' ' ( - -).
There was a lot of good running in the race
' (.: )' ( ).
I couldn't do much sprinting until the end
' (.: ) ' ( ).
Halfway into the race, I ran out of energy
' (.: ) ' ( -).
He's out of the race now
' (.: ) ' ( -).
() :
In washing the window, I splashed water all over the floor
' (.: ), '.
How did Jerry get out of washing the windows?
' (.: ) ?'
Outside of washing the windows, what else did you do?
' (.: ), ?'
How much window-washing did you do?
' ?' (.: ' ?').
How did you get into window-washing as a profession?
' (.: ) ?'
He's immersed in washing the windows right now
' (.: ) '.
, () , . , , , :
I put a lot of energy into washing the windows
' '.
I get a lot of satisfaction out of washing windows
' (.: ) '.
There is a lot of satisfaction in washing windows
' (.: )'.
. , :
He's in love
' (.: )'.
We're out of trouble now
' (.: ) '.
He's coming out of the coma
' '.
I'm slowly getting into shape
' '.
entered a state of euphoria
' '.
fell into a depression
' '.
finally emerged from the catatonic state he had been in since the end of finals week
' , '.
1. - . . .
2. . mind body '' , (, ), , . . mind . . .