.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


HDLC

(High Level Data Link Control, HDLC) , .

HDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control Protocol, SDLC), IBM , . ,

1993 ISO HDLC (ISO 3309, 4335, 7478 ..) , X25 (Link Access Procedure, LAP) IP- (PPP), (Link Access Procedure Balanced, LAPD) , , ( LLC IEEE 802.3).

: , , .

, HDLC , . ; ; , . . , . , (.4.33).

 
 

 

 


, , , , . , .

1. (Normal Response Mode, NRM) -. , , (); , . .

2. (Asynchronous Response Mode, ARM) NRM , (, ), , , . , , , , , , , . , NRM ARM (. 4.34), . , .

 

 


3. (Asynchronous Balance Mode, ABM) . . , , .

HDLC (.4.35) .

 
 

 

 


8- - 01111110 (). , . 1, . 1, 0; 0, , . , . , , , .

HDLC () (abort), . . , , .

(8 ) , , . - , , . (NRM ARM) ; ABM , .

HDLC : (I-), (S-) (U-). ( ); , . . 4.36.

0; 10 11 , .

 
 

 

 


"" P/F (Poll/Final). (NRM, ARM) , 1 P/F, ; ( ) 0, 1. (ABM) 1 , .. , ( ARQ).

HDLC ARQ, - . N(S) ( ARQ); N(R) , "" (). N(S) N(R) 3 ; ARQ N , ARQ - . 16 , - 7 . , 0 127 63.

SS ( Type) :

SS = 00 (Receive ready, RR); N(R)-1.
SS = 01 (Reject, REJ), NAK; , N(R); (Go-To- Back N).
SS = 10 (Receive not ready, RNR). N(R)-1 ( , ). .
SS = 11 (Selective reject, SREJ). , N(R) ( ) . ARQ .

, , . , SNRM (Set NRM) SABM (Set ABM) ( , ) ; SNRME SABME ; UA (Unnumbered Acknowledgement), FRMR (Frame Reject). DISC (Disconnect). , , ( M . 4.36), 32 /; . , .

, , .

16- 32- FCS (Frame Checking Sequence) , CRC, , .

4.37 , . 4.38. .

 


A SABM, , ( ). UA . "", . ( ) , DISC, , UA, .

I-, , , (RR RNR) , REJ . , , .

HDLC , 3- , . , . , , HDLC. (, Cisco) ; HDLC, , PPP.

, - . (); -. , , , . , . Point-to-Point Protocol (), , . SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol).

SLIP

Serial Line Internet Protocol 1984 . (Rick Adams) SUN . RFC 1055. - - IP . TCP IP , . .

, ;

IP ; , Internet , ;

;

.

IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Point-to-Point Protocol (), RFC 1661, 1662,1663 ( 40) .

PPP-

Point-to-Point Protocol , , . :

( Link Control Protocol, LCP),

( Network Control Protocol, NCP).

, (LCP NCP), PPP .

(.4.39) HDLC. HDLC-. , PPP, HDLC, - . , (ESC-), 1 ; ESC-, .

       
 
 
   
. 4.39.

 


, , 1, ( ).

11000000, .. HDLC. , ( IP ). , HDLC (RFC 1663). HDLC, .

, , , (IP, IPX ..), .

CRC CCITT-16 CCITT-32.

PPP- , LCP-, NCP-. , - LCP (0xC021) NCP (0x8021). LCP , . 4.6 RFC 1661 LCP-. Ȼ , λ - . , , Echo Discard, .

4.6

/
  Configure-Request à
  Configure-ACK ß
  Configure-NAC ß
  Configure-Reject ß
  Terminate- Request à
  Terminate- ACK ß
  Code-Reject ß
  Protocol- Reject ß
  Echo- Request à
  Echo-Replay ß
  Discard-Request à

"-" PPP, LCP, . , . PPP NCP . , PPP. , LCP NCP , ( , ).

IP- . 4.40. , . 4.37; LCP; - Password Authentication Protocol (PAP), Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP). NCP-. , , . , IP-, NCP IP- IP-.

 
 

 


PPP (RFC-1990). (MP - MultiLink Protocol).

, PPP HDLC- . , , , , HDLC ARQ (RFC 1663).

PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet). Ethernet (. 4.41) , , , , . Ethernet , , PPP . , PPPoE, PPP, ( Ethernet) (, , , ).

 
 

 


PPPoE Ethernet , . 4.42. 1; 4- 0x1 PPPoE.

       
 
 
   
. 4.42. PPoE

 

 


8- PPPoE. ( ) PPP (.4.43). - , . PPPoE- PPPoE- Ethernet- 0x8863; PADI (Active Discovery Initiation) PPPoE, 0x09 PPPoE. PPPoE-, , PADO (Active Discovery Offer, 0x07), . , , - . PADR (Active Discovery Request 0x19) . PADS (Active Discovery Session-confirmation, 0x65), 16- ; PPPoE , . , , .

PPPoE- PPP : , , (MTU), . PPPoE- PPP AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting) . PPP .

 
 

 


PPP-over-Ethernet . Ethernet- PPPoE Protocol Ethernet (08863 08864 - . , ( , , PPPoE- ..), (), ", , ", , , 2 , 2 , .

Ethernet Header

SrcAdr: 00:50:da:42:d7:df,

DstAdr: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

Protocol: 0x8863 (Discovery Stage) 0x8864 (PPP Session Stage).

PPoE Header

Version (4b): 1

Type (4b): 1

Code (8b): Active Discovery Initiation (0x09)

Session ID (16b): 0000

Payload Length (16b): 24

PPoE Payload

(Discovery Stage)

PPPoE Tags

TagType: Service-Name { }

TagType: Host-Uniq (16 b)

TagLenght: (Binary Data, 16 b) - { TagValue }

TagValue: 11000111 01011100

(PPP Session Stage)

PPP PROTOCOL-ID = 0xc021 (2 bytes) - IP-

PPP payload (<= 1492 bytes)

"Service-Name" , . TagLenght , . "Host-Uniq" (PADO c PADI). "TAG VALUE" , ; .

, MTU PPPoE 1492 , 1500 , Ethernet. 8 : 6 - PPPoE 2 - PPP ( , ).

.

:

, ..

,

,

.

- HDLC.

o (01111110) .

o , ESC-, .

o .

PPP, HDLC, .



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