____________________________________________________
1
1. :
) nH2n; ) nH2n-6; ) nH2n+2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. :
) 23r + 2N 3-3 + 2Nr
) = + 22 3-3
) 3-=2 + 2 3-2-3
) 3-2-2-2-I + 2HJ C3-2-2-3 + J2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. :
) ; ) ; )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. :
1 2 3 4
24 25I 25 3 3
: ) 2; ) 3; ) 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. ,
3--2-2--2
3 3 3 :
) 1,2,5-;
) 2,3-;
) 3,6-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. 2-2--=3
33 :
) 2,3--4;
) 2,3--1;
) 3,4--1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. 0,21 0,8 . r :
) 44; ) 40; ) 42
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. :
) sp3; ) sp; ) sp2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. 4,8 6,6 2 5,4 . 16. :
) 2; ) 8; ) 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. :
) ;
) ;
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. :
) ; ) ; )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. 1 260 (..). , :
) 74,3%
) 25,7%
) 2,57%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. , : 26,1%; 4,35%; 69,55%. r :
|
|
|
) 60; )46; ) 44
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. :
) 3--3; ) 3--3; ) 3--3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. : )
)
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. , 36 , . : ) 20
) 40
) 100
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. :
)
)
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. :
)
)
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. , :
) 2=-=2; ) 2=---=2; ) 2=-=2
I 3 3 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. , , . :
) u()2
) g2
) N
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. :
) 1735N
) 1735
) 1735
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22. 3-----
37 3
) 2,3-
) 2-, 3-
) 3-
) 3,3-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23. , :
4 22 66 65NO2
, 90% , 3 . :
) 403,2 ; ) 448 ; ) 67,2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24. 2,3,4--1 :
) 128 /
) 140 /
) 126 /
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. :
) nH2n(OH)2
) CnH2n(OH)m
) CnH2n(OH)n
) nH2nO2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26. 482 :
)
)
)
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
27.
)
)
)
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28.
Y
25I 25 25N
) ; Y NCI
) ; Y N
) ; Y N
) ; Y N
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29. , :
) , ,
) , ,
) , ,
) , ,
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30.
ջ __________
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31. :
() + 2 +
3 2 2I
. , , . . .
2 . ..
____________________________________________________
2
1. :
) nH2n; ) CnH2n-6; ) CnH2n+2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. :
) 2=2 + 2 3 3
) 225I + 2N 25 25 + 2NI
) 3 2 3 + CI2 C3 2 2 I + HCI
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. :
) ; ) ; )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.
2 22 25 25I
:
) C3 ) 24 ) 3 ) 26
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. ,
3 2 2 2
3 25 3 3 ) 1,2,5-,3-
) 2,5-,4-
) 3,5-,4-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. ,
3
3 2 3
2 3 : ) -
) 3,3-
) 3--3-
) 2--2-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. 19.5
66 + NO3 C6H5NO2 + H2O
:
) 12,3 ) 7,8 ) 30,75 ) 61,5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. : ) sp2 ) sp ) sp3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. 29 88 2 45 2. 2. .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. :
)
)
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
11. :
) ) )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. 1 200 . :
) 51,14%
) 100%
) 350
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. , 81.8% 18.2% , 22.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. :
) 3 3 ) 3 3 ) 3 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. :
)
)
)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16. 92-%- , 1,12 (..) _____________.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. :
) 1-
) 2-
) 1,2-
) 1,3-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. :
)
)
)
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. , :
) 3 2 2 3
) 2 = 2 3
) 3 = 3
) 2 = = 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. :
) 1-
)
)
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. ?
) 25 ) 3 ) ) 6126
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22. :
3 2
25 3 3 ) 2,3-,4-
) 3-;4,5-
) 1,2-;-
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23. ջ
3 :
) 46 ) 32 ) 30 ) 28
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24. 23,4--1 :
) 98/
) 96/
) 94/
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. (3) :
+2 +I2, +N, t
I43 1 2 3
)
)
)
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26. , 18 0.4 , 75%.
|
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27.
+r + ()
3-2-2- 1 2
2 ______________
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28. 2 = 3 1,2,3 :
) sp2 sp sp3
) sp2 sp2 sp3
) sp sp2 sp3
) sp3 sp2 sp
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29. , :
)
)
)
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30.
I2 , N t>140C,2SO4 ,
1 2 3 4 5
(5): )
)
)
)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31. - - :
) 22 ) 26 ) 66 ) 24
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I II
1 1
2 2 -
3 3 -
4 4 -
5 5 -
6 6 -
7 42 7 -
8 8 -
9 9 410
10 10 -
11 11 -
12 12 -
13 13 38
14 14 -
15 15 -
16 16 2,5
17 17 -
18 18 -
19 19 -
20 20 -
21 21 -
22 22 -
23 23 -
24 24 -
25 25 -
26 26 19,8
27 27 - 42
28 28 -
29 29 -
30 30 -
31 31 -
-2
-
