( )
()
.., ..
() () (, )
()
2016 .
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________
1. ...... 4
1.1. 充....... 4
1.2. ... 5
1.3. ..... 7
1.4. .... 7
2. ........ 9
2.1. , , "-20"................ 9
2.1.1 ................................................. 9
2.1.2 , "-20"................................................................ 10
2.2. , , , .... 11
2.3. . ,
................................................. 13
2.3.1 ..................................................... 13
2.3.2 .......................................................... 14
.... 16
1
1.1
, .
. | . | |
, | G | 50,0 |
, | G | 22,0 |
.. , , | h0 | 2,1 |
, | b | 2,0 |
.. , | a | 8,0 |
.. , | c | 1,6 |
, , | h | 16,0 |
.. , | H | 15,0 |
, : | ρ1 ρ2 | 2,2 4,1 |
( ), 2 | Ω | 8,5 |
( ), 2 | Ω | 3,0 |
( ), 2 | Ω | 1,6 |
, | α | 1,5 |
, / | v | 0,28 |
, | tm | 1,8 |
, -1 | n | 1,3 |
, | h1 | 13,0 |
, | h2 | 6,0 |
, . | αʹ | |
, | s | |
, / | vn | 0,22 |
, | tc | |
, | ty |
|
|
1.2
) )
1 :
) ; )
:
= ( ∑ )/ ≥ 1,15
- , ;
Σ - , ;
- , .
= G[(b+c) cosα-h0sinα]
=490,332103[(2,0+1,6) cos1,5˚-2,1sin1,5˚] = 1737,636 ˑ
G - , , G = 509,806103 = 490,332103,
b - , ;
c - , ;
h0 - , , ;
α- , .
Σ= + + b,
- , () ,
= Q (-b) v/g tm
= 215,746103 (8-2)0,28/9,81,8 = 20,547
Q - ,
Q = 229,806 = 215,746103
- .. , ;
v - , /;
tm - ( ), ;
- , , 1 , .
= Qn2ah/(900-n2H)
=215,7461031,32816/(900-1,3215)=53,359
n - , -1;
h - , , ;
H - .. , ;
- , .
=1ρ1+'1 ρ',
1, '1- ,
1 = 1Ω=2501,40,38,5=892,5
'1 = 1Ω=2501,413= 1050
1 - , 1=250 ;
= 1,4 - ;
- , ;
Ω, Ω, - , 2;
|
|
ρ1, ρ'1- , .
= 892,52,2+1050,04,1 = 6,268
Σ= 20,547 + 53,359 + 6,268 = 80,174
= Q(-b)= 215,746103 (8-2) = 1294,476
= (1737,636 - 80,174) /1294,476 = 1,28 ≥ 1,15 - .
:
1.3
'- ,
= G[(b-c)cosα-h0sinα]=490,5[(2,0-1,6)cos1,5-2,1sin1,5]= 169,169
2 - ,
2 =2ρ2=2,9694,1=12,1729
2=2Ω+2'Ωc=700*1,4*0,3*8,5+700*1,4*0,3*1,6 =2,969
=169,169/12,1729=13,897≥1,15
:
1.4.
2 -
:
q- , , q=100*9,808=980,8 H;
- , =8 ;
- ,
- .
=∑ni=1(C/*Qi/Qmax)
= (0,050,2)+(0,150,4)+(0,40.6)+(0,250,8)+(0,151) = 0,66
- , =0,86
t=β(t+t+ tn)
t- ,
t = h1/v1+h2/v2= 13/0,28+6/0,28 = 67,86
t- , ;
t = 2α/360n = (2180)/(3601,3/60) = 46,15
α - , ;
n - , -1,
tn - ,
tn = 2S/ vn= 255/0,22 = 500 c
S - , ;
vn- , /;
β- , β=0,75
t = t+t=12+150 = 162
t- , ,
t- , ,
t = 0,75(67,86+46,15+500) = 460,51
= t+t=460,51+162,00 = 622,51 .
t- , , ;
t - , ,
= (3,6(Q-q))/g*=(3,68(215746,0-980,8) 0,660,86)/9,8622,51 = 575,47 /.
: 575,47 /.
2
2.1 , , "-20".
:
- ( ). . ( ) ( ) . .
- . , , . . , .
- () . . . , . . .
|
|
:
- .
- , .
- .
( ):
- ˸ ( 9 ) .
- ( 9 13 ) , .
- ( 13 17 ) , .
- (c 17 ) .
2.1.2 , "-20"
-20 3. , : ( , , ), , ; -20; . , . . , .
3 -
: , , , , ( ) , , ; ; . , () , ( ), , , -143.
, , , , , , .
, , . .
, , , ( 610 ), .
, .
2.2. , , , .
|
|
24 -, . , , , .
, , , , . , , , , .
, (300500 1 ) (7001500 1 ).
-1 ( 4) , , , , . 5 90 .
4 - -1 5 -
- , , .., . , , , .
( 5) . , . .
. , , .
2.3 . , .
2.3.1
- -. (, , . .). . . , . . , - (, , ) - . (, , ), - () - () .
, , . , (, , ). , -, . - , , , , - .
, , , , , , . . .
|
|
, , . , .
. . .
: , ; ; , ; , ; . ; . , II , . ().
2.3.2 .
. . , (, , , . .), . . , .
, . , . , , - . .
, . , . , , , . , , - . -, - . , , . , , - .
1. : . . 86 / .. , .., .. , .. . . ...-.:..1988.-319.
2. .. : . / . , .. .-.: ., 1980.-344 .
3. .. : . .-: ... -, 2009.-38 .
4. .. :. .-:... -, 2009.-43 .
5. .. - .-.: , 1964.-342.
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