.
. (Si, Ti, Al), . . .
, ( ), , , , .
. , , .
#15 .
, .
α=(V- V0) V0 (m-m0)m0
, . . , pH .
, , . .
pH .
, , , .
#14 - : NH3+
, . - .
(pI=5.0/7.0) (pI<4) (pI>7.5) , , . . - pH<pI , pH>pI .
-: , , .
, .
R-SH=RSO3H + 8e
CO2 H2O .
.
NH3+-prot(RH)-COO- + O2 + = NH3+-prot(ROH)-COO-+H2O+
.