().......................................................................
..΅..
( ..)
20......
. 20......
,
: mA+nB=pD+qE () : v=k C(A)m C (B)n, (), (B) - ; m, n - ; k - ..
, .
1. 2NO+2=N20+20 NO ?
: v1=kC(NO)2C(H2)
:
v2=k{3C(NO)}2C(H2)=9kC(NO)2C(H2)=9v1
9 .
2. :
) : 2NO+Cl2=2NOCl?
) : () + SO3() = SO4()?
) : v1=kC(NO)2C(Cl2).
:
v2=k{1/3C(NO)}21/3C(Cl2)=1/27kC(NO)2C(Cl2)=1/27 v1. 27 .
) v1=kC(SO3).
v2=k1/3 C(SO3)=1/3 v1
3 .
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- , , , , , .
1
1. ( )
: Na2S2O3+ 2SO4=S↓+2O+SO2+Na2SO4. ∆(S): v=∆(S)/t. ∆(S). v∞1/t, v'=1/t .
:................................
:
| . | , 3 | , . Na2S2O3 | . ., t, c | . v=1/t, -1 | , v=v/vmin | |||
| Na2S2O3 | 2O | 2SO4 | ||||||
| - | ||||||||
(Na2S2O3):
|
|
|
( ):
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_____
2.
) :
)
{}
,
( ).
( ). .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
, , , . , .
, . , . . . m+n <=> D+q:
K= 
. .
, , .
: , , - , , .
3. : 2()+2()<=> 2(); ∆>0. ? ?
) ( () ):
__________________
3.
: F13+SN<=> Fe(SCN)3+l , F(SCN).
|
|
|
| ( ) | ( ) | : K = | |
| Fl3 | |||
| SN | |||
| l |
Fl3, SN, 1?
__________________
( ):
______________________________________________________
:
,
=[]2/[2].
, , .. . 1 2 , , .
, , .. . (∆>0), - . , , .
________
(HInd) (IndOH), , .
________
, .
4. , r2(SO4)3 r1. r()3 2S4 l, . , . :
r3++ <=> r2+++. , <7.
:
r2(SO4)3+22O <=> 2r(O)SO4+2SO4.
rl3+2O <=>r()l2+l.
5. 34. 34 . :
43+H <=> 42-+ OH-. , >7.
: 3 O4+2O <=> 2 4+.
2
1.
:
| : | |||
| ! | ! |
:
HInd 
H+ + Ind-
() ()
) ?
____________
) ?
____________
2.
:
7   7?
| (? ?) | |||
| 1. N2O3 | 23-... .. N-.... | |||
| 2. l2(SO4)3 | 2SO4-................. Al(OH)3-...... . | |||
| 3. l2 | l-....... . (H)2-...... |
1. - :
__________
:
________
2. - :
________
:
________
,
, :
) , , , N, (O)2, Ni(O)2;
) - , , SO2(0)2 ( - 2S4), NO2 ( N3);
) , - , , r()3, Zn()2.
6. - : ) r()3; ) ; ) .
|
|
|
) : r2(SO4)3+6O=2r(O)3↓+32SO4, r(N3)3+3=r()3↓+3N3 rl3+3=r()3↓+3l
- : r3++3OH-= r()3↓
) r(O)+3l=rl3+32O 2r(O)3+32SO4=r2(SO4)3 +62O
r(O)3+3+=r3++2O.
) : r()3+N=N3[r()6],
r()3+3OH=[r()6]3-
: r(O)3+NO=NrO2+22O,
r(O)3+O=rO2-+22O
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- () - , , .
() - , , . , - . (O2, 2, Zn .). : F-1, O-2
+2 -1 -1 +1 -1 +2 -1
( OF2; H2O2; Na2O2 ..), H+1 ( K H; Ca H2 ..), IA Me+1, IIA- Me+2.
3. - :
______
:
______
3.
( - ):
MgSO4 + .NaOH = ...
..
Al2(SO4)3 + .NaOH =.
..
Pb(NO3)2 + ..NaOH = ..
:
| : | |||
| g()2 | |||
| l()3 | |||
| b()2 |
( - ):
g()2↓+HNO3 =
.
l()3↓+HNO3 =
.
b()2↓+HNO3 =
.
( - )
g()2↓+.NaOH = ...
..
l()3↓+.NaOH = ...
..
b()2↓+.NaOH = ...
..
:
,
, , - .
7. : ) ; ) -.
+1 1 -2 +1 2 -2
: ) 2r27; ) 4 2- : ) 21+21+7(-2)=0; 1=+6; ) 1+2+4(-2)=-2; 2=+5.
- . , . .
- . , . .
|
|
|
, .. . . ( ), ( ).
8. . , .
7N 1s2 2s2 23
5 () 2s226 . = +5 (N3, N25 - ). = -3 (N3, N4l - ). , , +3 (NO2 - , ).
3
