1. , . .
, . , , .
, , .
.
.
KMnO4 + → | ||
Mn+2 | Mn+4 | Mn+6 |
( , ) MnSO4, MnCl2 | MnO2↓ | (K2MnO4 KNaMnO4, Na2MnO4) - |
.
K2Cr2O7 ( ), K2CrO4 ( ) + → Cr+3 | ||
, : CrCl3, Cr2(SO4)3 | Cr(OH)3 | K3[Cr(OH)6] , K3CrO3 KCrO2 |
.
Cr+3 + → Cr+6 ( !) | ||
Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, , | + : )KNO3, ( ) ) Cl2, Br2, H2O2 ( ) | : K2CrO4 |
Cr(OH)3, | + (HNO3 CH3COOH): PbO2, KBiO3 | : K2Cr2O7 H2Cr2O7 |
Mn+2,+4 , , | + : KNO3, ( ) | : Mn+6 K2MnO4 |
Mn+2 | + (HNO3 CH3COOH): PbO2, KBiO3 | : Mn+7 KMnO4 HMnO4 |
.
, .
, | ||||
NO2 | NO | N2O | N2 | NH4NO3 |
( ) + . + . | ( ) + . | (, , ) + . | (, , ) + | (, , ) + . |
: : Al, Cr, Fe, Be, Co. | ||||
: Au, Pt, Pd. |
.
, ;
, .
SO2 | S | H2S | H2 |
( ) + . + . | + . | + . | (, ) |
: : Al, Cr, Fe, Be, Co. | |||
: Au, Pt, Pd. |
.
|
|
, , , , :
3l2 + 6KOH | t | 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O |
→ |
, , ( ).
+ → 2 , ( ) | S0 → S−2 S+4 |
+ → 3 22 ( ) | 0 → −3 +1 |
, , + ( ) → 2 , HCl, HClO , , + ( ) → 2 , Cl ClO | Cl20 → Cl− Cl+ |
, + ( )→ 2 , HBr, HBrO3 , , + ( )→ 2 , Cl ClO3 | Cl20 → Cl− Cl+5 |
(IV) .
NO2 + → 2 , NO2 + → 2 , | N+4 → N+3 N+5 | ||||
| S+4 → S−2 S+6 | ||||
| Cl+5 → Cl− Cl+7 |
.
, . , - .