21
: CP/CV .
: ; ; .
, , P, V . -:
,
m , ; m , ; , ; R = 8,31×103 /× .
, . (p 1, V 1, T 1) (p 2, V 2, T 2) .
, , 1 :
, [/×]
. , (), c V. , (), .
, , , (1 ), . ,
C = m c, [/×].
, , , V. , = m× c P, C V = m× c V.
, D U, ..
D Q = m × c V×D T = D U.
, , , D Q D U, D A , .. D Q = m × c P×D T = D U + D A.
, c P > c V, .. .
c P = c V + R.
, , :
.
, , , . , . , , , . , , ( = const) , . , , , . :
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p×V g = const p×T g / g 1 = const.
c P > cV, g >1.
. 1 pV- , , . , , . , . , , .
g (. 2), . .
, . , , .. 1, . 1 (. 3).
( , ) 1 = + h 1, h 1 , , . V 1 = V / m, V ; m .
, , , . , , . : 2 = , 2 < 1, V 2 > V 1. 2 . 3, , 1.
3 = . : V 3 = V 2, 3 = + h 2.
h 2 .
3 . 3, , 2 ( ) . 3 1 , 1. , .. 1 2, .
1 ×T g / 1 g = p 2 ×T 2 g / g 1. (1)
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. (2)
(1) (2),
.
,
(1 g)(lg 1 lg 2) = g(lg 2 lg 3), .
1, 2, 3 ,
.
, :
(3)
h 1 h 2.
1. , .
2. , ( ). . h 1 .
3. , , .
4. . h 2 15.
5. 1 4 . .
6. , , , , i- ( i = 5).
7. .
1 | 2 | 1- 2 | ||