.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




. , , () ( ). , ( ).

___________________________________________________________________

- - . -. , , , , , . . b

___________________________________________________________________

́ ́ (, , , . .) T ½, 1/2. , 2 . .

, , . , 2 T ½ , 3 T ½ . . , (, , p ) t :

___________________________________________________________________

: , , ( ), - ( ).

[2] , . . .

___________________________________________________________________

- -, 20 . /. , , : 311 , . . - .

- , , - , .

___________________________________________________________________

- -, , (300 . /). - , , -, , . - 20 , 3 , 1 . - . 50 % -.

1 2025 % -. - ( ) . , - 50100 (, . ). .

___________________________________________________________________

, 20 . /. , . . . . ; ; : , , .

___________________________________________________________________

- , . , , -, -. - 10~810~ . () . , - -.

- . ( ) : 23 , 3, 10, 30 .

- - .

- , , .

(-) . ( ) , -. , - . ( ) .

___________________________________________________________________

́ ́ ́ .

___________________________________________________________________

, .

___________________________________________________________________

, . , , , .

___________________________________________________________________

, . , .

, (3.12)

- a, ηb - b. ( ):
γ-, , ..

___________________________________________________________________

, .

___________________________________________________________________

, .

___________________________________________________________________

, -, -; , -, - ( , - -, - ). - ; - . - , , -.

___________________________________________________________________

, , , , . , .

, , :

, − dN, dt, N .

 

 





:


: 2016-12-18; !; : 410 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

816 - | 657 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.014 .