= 2n, n .
()
= 2n-2, n () , -2 - ( ) ( ).
32 , IP , . .
:
255.255.255.0 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
255.0.0.0 = 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
255.255.240.0 = 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
255.255.255.128 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000
, . .
/16 = 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 = 255.255.0.0
/24 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 = 255.255.255.0
/26 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 = 255.255.255.192
IP
, IP , AND ().
AND ()
, . AND 0.
AND :
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 1 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0
AND IP
, IP 192.168.1.31 /24, , , .
IP . (). IP AND.
192.168.1.31/24
192.168.1.31 = 11000000.10101000.00000001.00011111
/24 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 = 255.255.255.0
11000000.10101000.00000001.00011111 (IP)
AND
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 (Mask)
=
11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000 ( )
192.168.1.0/24 ( )
. (11000000.10101000.00000001.), (.00011111).
. , . , : 2n, n .
2 .
|
|
192.168.1.0/24, 2 . 1 : 21=2, , , 2 . : /25. 2 IP ( 0, = 1). .
2
1) 11000000.10101000.00000001 .0 0000000
2) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 1 0000000
, . , .
1 ) 11000000.10101000.00000001.0 0000000 = 192.168.1.0/25
2) 11000000.10101000.00000001.1 0000000 = 192.168.1.128/25
, 2 . , 7 .
, 7 , : 2n-2, n = .
27 - 2 = 126 . , 2 , : .
, , , . :
11000000.10101000.00000001.0 0000000 = 192.168.1.0/25 ( )
11000000.10101000.00000001.0 1111111 = 192.168.1.127/25 ( )
11000000.10101000.00000001.1 0000000 = 192.168.1.128/25 ( )
11000000.10101000.00000001.1 1111111 = 192.168.1.255/25 ( )
3.
3.
3
Token Ring (802.5) | ||
2 | (VLAN) | |
FDDI | ||
Gigabit Ethernet | ||
3 | Fast Ethernet (IEEE 802.3u) | |
Ethernet | ||
Fast Ethernet (IEEE 802.3u) | ||
100VG-AnyLAN | ||
Gigabit Ethernet | ||
Ethernet |
4.
(.1) . IP .
4.
4
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | IP | |
192.168.45.0 /24 | |||||||||
192.168.26.0 /24 | |||||||||
192.168.59.0 /24 | |||||||||
192.168.82.0 /24 | |||||||||
192.168.123.0/24 | |||||||||
192.168.38.0 /24 | |||||||||
192.168.97.0 /24 | |||||||||
192.168.154.0 /24 | |||||||||
192.168.165.0 /24 | |||||||||
192.168.97.0 /24 |
|
|
1