.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


2




= 2n, n .

()

= 2n-2, n () , -2 - ( ) ( ).

32 , IP , . .

:

255.255.255.0 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

255.0.0.0 = 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

255.255.240.0 = 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000

255.255.255.128 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000

, . .

/16 = 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 = 255.255.0.0

/24 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 = 255.255.255.0

/26 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 = 255.255.255.192

IP

, IP , AND ().

AND ()

, . AND 0.

AND :

1 AND 1 = 1

1 AND 0 = 0

0 AND 1 = 0

0 AND 0 = 0

AND IP

, IP 192.168.1.31 /24, , , .

IP . (). IP AND.

192.168.1.31/24

192.168.1.31 = 11000000.10101000.00000001.00011111

/24 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 = 255.255.255.0

11000000.10101000.00000001.00011111 (IP)
AND
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 (Mask)
=
11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000 ( )
192.168.1.0/24 ( )

. (11000000.10101000.00000001.), (.00011111).

. , . , : 2n, n .

2 .

192.168.1.0/24, 2 . 1 : 21=2, , , 2 . : /25. 2 IP ( 0, = 1). .

2

1) 11000000.10101000.00000001 .0 0000000
2) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 1 0000000

, . , .

1 ) 11000000.10101000.00000001.0 0000000 = 192.168.1.0/25
2) 11000000.10101000.00000001.1 0000000 = 192.168.1.128/25

, 2 . , 7 .

, 7 , : 2n-2, n = .

27 - 2 = 126 . , 2 , : .

, , , . :

11000000.10101000.00000001.0 0000000 = 192.168.1.0/25 ( )

11000000.10101000.00000001.0 1111111 = 192.168.1.127/25 ( )

11000000.10101000.00000001.1 0000000 = 192.168.1.128/25 ( )

11000000.10101000.00000001.1 1111111 = 192.168.1.255/25 ( )

 

 

3.

3.

 

3

  Token Ring (802.5)
  2 (VLAN)
  FDDI
  Gigabit Ethernet
  3 Fast Ethernet (IEEE 802.3u)
  Ethernet
  Fast Ethernet (IEEE 802.3u)
  100VG-AnyLAN
  Gigabit Ethernet
  Ethernet

 

4.

(.1) . IP .

4.

4

1 2 3   4 5 6 7 8 IP
                  192.168.45.0 /24
                  192.168.26.0 /24
                  192.168.59.0 /24
                  192.168.82.0 /24
                  192.168.123.0/24
                  192.168.38.0 /24
                  192.168.97.0 /24
                  192.168.154.0 /24
                  192.168.165.0 /24
                  192.168.97.0 /24

 

1





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