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2016
1. .
What Is Love?
What is love? And what causes it? An American professor, Charles Zastrow, offers an interesting answer, particularly to the second question. He argues that there are many kinds of love and that particularly in one kind, which he calls "romantic love", we are strongly influenced not so much by what we actually feel but by what we tell ourselves about the way we feel. He calls this "self-talk".
For example, say a woman is strongly attracted to a man. (It could just as easily happen to a man attracted to a woman.) She tells herself things like "He is all I have ever wanted in a man! He is warm, kind and affectionate and will understand all my needs". But when she discovers that he is, like all of us, just an ordinary human being with both strong and weak points, she is bitterly disappointed.
Zastrow says that particularly in romantic love, our "self-talk" comes from "intense, unsatisfied desires and frustrations", and that this kind of romantic love often requires distance. "The more forbidden the love, the stronger it becomes. The more effort necessary to be with each other (e.g. travelling long distances) or the greater the frustration (loneliness and sexual needs) the more intense the romance".
He points out that this kind of love often begins to fade and die as soon as the problems and obstacles which separated the two people are removed and a normal relationship beings.
He contrasts romantic love with what he calls "rational love". This is based on such things as:
- an accurate, objective idea of the other person's strengths as well as their weaknesses;
- the ability to communicate with others openly and honestly, so that
you can deal with problems as they arise;
- the ability to show affection openly to each other and to give as well
as receive;
- a clear knowledge of your own goals in life;
- realistic and rational "self-talk", so that your feelings are not based
on fantasy.
This kind of love is far more likely to lead to a lasting, satisfying relationship. But it is, as Zastrow and others point out, much more achieve, and is not as frequent as romantic love.
2. .
Model: Brown [braun].
Romantic love, question, strongly, warm, discover, human being, disappoint, satisfied, frustration, relationship, honestly, self-talk.
3. .
Model: be hind; bet ter; coun tryside.
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Professor, particularly, understand, influence, affectionate, discover, disappointed, ordinary, loneliness, separate, weaknesses, ability to communicate, knowledge, satisfying relationship, frequent.
4. () . .
Model: cook look pound could. Pound.
( : [kuk] [luk] [ paund ] [kud])
got drove dropped lost
better get he very
fire first turned word
right behind miles milk
town now know brown
5. .
Model: box box es; table table s; city cit ies; bed bed s; man m e n.
area; town; lady; policeman; bike; balance; moment; tree; headlight; door; chance; order; car; gap; answer; fox; wife; child.
6. .
Model: She is a student of Moscow State University.
They are student s of Moscow State University.
1. The policeman at the road block was very bored.
2. He isnt going to get away this time.
3. My friend lives in Toronto.
4. Where does she buy such nice dresses?
5. Our order is to stop every car.
7. , , , s ( , , 3- ).
Model: My friends father is a policeman. . Friends. , .
1. Zastrow says that particularly in romantic love, our "self-talk" comes from "intense, unsatisfied desires and frustrations ".
2. When she discovers that he is, like all of us, just an ordinary human being with both strong and weak points, she is bitterly disappointed.
3. My daughters eyes are beautiful.
4. He points out that this kind of love often begins to fade and die as soon as the problems and obstacles which separated the two people are removed and a normal relationship beings.
8. , , , .
Model: following , , ing.
policeman; worker; hopeless; training; employment; Russian; useful; watchman; musician; attention; Chinese; undressed; direction; indirect; suddenly; pleasure; childhood; disappear; humanity; nervous; width; golden; dirty; foolish; hardly.
9. ( ) .
Model: He told us the following story.
Did he tell us (you) the following story?
He didnt tell us the following story.
1. I worked at this office three years ago.
2. He returns home late at night.
3. They are writing a dictation at the moment.
4. The car is racing along the road in the direction of London.
5. She was at home on Sunday morning.
10. What is Love? ( 1) .
Model: A woman is strongly attracted to a man. Is a woman strongly attracted to a man? Yes, she is.
11. .
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Model: They went to the mountains last year.
Where did they go last year?
1. She finished school last year.
2. They are leaving for Moscow next week.
3. His father is a famous lawyer.
4. It takes me about half an hour to get to work.
6. My sweater costs fifty dollars.
12. ( What is Love).
1. What answer does Charles Zastrow offer to the question What causes love?
2. When is a woman (or a man) disappointed?
3. When does the love become stronger?
4. On which things is rational love based?
5. What love is far more likely to lead to a lasting, satisfying relationship?
13. - (Present Indefinite (Simple) Present Continuous).
