Отрицательная и вопросительная формы в Present Simple образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола do/does.
She lives in Barnaul. They like sweets.
Does she live in Barnaul? Do they like sweets?
Where does she live? What do they like?
При образовании отрицательной формы частица not добавляется к вспомогательному глаголу don’t/ doesn’t
We don’t go there. He doesn’t read much.
Задание 1. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы
1. I often meet this engineer here. 2. You go to the factory every day. 3. I read newspapers every morning. 4 His sisters always gives me books to read. 5. They often go there. 6. I usually read the newspaper at home. 7. They often come here. 8 We write questions at home.
Задание 2. Задайте вопросы к предложениям
1. She reads a newspaper. 2. We read good books. 3. I sometimes give him my exercise-books. 4. My sons read books every day. 5. I work at an office. 6. We usually have our English in the evening. 7. They often speak English in class. 8. After my English I go to the office. 9. You read English books at home. 10. He discusses a lot of questions at the office.11. Our English lessons usually last two hours. 12. These students usually get home at five in the afternoon. 13. His sisters work at a new factory. 14. You live a long way from the office.
Задание 3. Заполните пропуски личными местоимениями
1.…..lives in Moscow. 2. …..go into their classroom and sit down at the tables. 3. Does…. sometimes meet his friends at the office? 4. ….have our English in the morning. 5. …..doesn’t speak English to her teacher. 6…..don’t learn English, …..learn French. 7. Do…..have lessons in the morning? 8 Does…..have his French in the morning or in the evening? 9….. doesn’t often write sentences on the blackboard. 10 What do…..usually read in class?
Задание 4. Переведите на английский язык
1 Он покупает журналы в этом киоске. 2. Я обычно отвечаю на вопросы хорошо. 3. Они не часто играют в компьютерные игры. 4. Он не помогает маме. 5. Как правило, он работает в офисе. 6. Она всегда гуляет в этом парке. 7. Утром я обычно не смотрю телевизор. 8. Оно всегда пишет сочинения хорошо. 9. Мы часто поем песни. 10 Иногда я играю в волейбол в спортивном зале. 11. Часто мы берем книги в библиотеке. 12. Он всегда читает вечером газеты.
Past Simlpe (прошедшее простое)
По способу образования прошедшего времени все глаголы в английском языке можно разделить на две группы: правильные и неправильные.
Правильные глаголы образуют форму Past Simple с помощью окончания – ed
to ask – asked
to change – changed
Неправильные глаголы образуют форму Past Simple различными способами, без четких правил. Формы неправильных глаголов необходимо запоминать наизусть.
to begin – began
to go – went
По лицам глаголы в форме Past Simple не изменяются.
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола did
We liked this film.
Did you like this film?
What did you like?
При образовании отрицательной формы к вспомогательному глаголу добавляется частица not.
They didn’t speak English.
Задание 1. Задайте вопросы к предложениям
1. My friend wrote to me very often last year. 2. Our students read a lot of English books last year. 3. He took his son out on Monday evening. 4. He spoke to us about the plan yesterday. 5. They visited a museum last Sunday. 6. We didn’t meet each other on weekends. 7. Last month we lived in the country.
Задание 2. Употребите глагол в нужном времени
1. Yesterday (to be) my day off. I usually (to wake up) early on my day off, but sometimes I (not to get up) at once. I (to get up) at eight o’clock yesterday. 2. When you (to have) breakfast yesterday? I (to have) breakfast at nine in the morning. 3. When you last (to go) to the theatre? Two weeks ago. 4. Yesterday my friends (to come) to see me, and I (to go) to bed very late.
Задание 3. Переведите предложения
1. Yesterday he read this article in the newspaper. 2. They learnt the words yesterday. 3. They left this town many years ago. 4. A week ago I lost this book. 5. Last Sunday she spent much time in the swimming pool. 6 We bought a bookcase last week. 7. Last year they built a small house. 8. My sister did not send that letter yesterday. 9. This book didn’t cost so much two years ago. 10. They didn’t write letters to me last month.
Задание 4. Переведите предложения
1. Вчера он получил письмо. 2. Она мыла окна неделю назад. 3. Я не повторял слова вчера. 4. Несколько лет назад мой отец играл в футбол. 5. На прошлой неделе он чистил сад. 6. Мама отдыхала в саду час назад. 7. Они принесли диски на прошлой неделе. 8. Он встретил ее в офисе вчера. 9. Я не перевел этот текст. 10. Он не помог ей тогда.
Страдательный залог
Passive voice
Формы страдательного залога английских глаголов образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастия II (Participle II) смыслового глагола:
Present Simple: The letter is written.
Past Simple: The letter was written.
Future Simple: The letter will be written.
Present Continuous: The letter is being written.
Past Continuous: The letter was being written.
Future Continuous: The letter will be being written.
Present Perfect: The letter has been written.
Past Perfect: The letter had been written.
Future Perfect: The letter will have been written.
Глагол-сказуемое в страдательном залоге показывает, что подлежащее предложения является объектом действия со стороны другого лица или предмета.
I bought a book. – Я купил книгу.
The book was bought by me. – Книга была куплена мной.
Задание 1. Переведите и определите залог и время сказуемого.
1. He left for Moscow. 2. She studied many subject. 3. The film was much spoken about.4. New subject will be studied next year. 5. The text has been already written by them. 6. He studies at our college. 7. the text is being translated at the moment. 8. Do you work at this office? 9. This book was written by our teacher. 10. These toys are made by children. 11. The conference will be held in May. 12. This work must be done at once.
Задание 2. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Эта книга была прочитана всеми. 2. Письмо будет отправлено завтра. 3. Ее часто спрашивают? 4. На ваш вопрос ответят завтра. 5. Текст переводился вчера с двух до трех. 6. Работа только что закончена нами. 7. эти книги будут использоваться до конца года. 8. Телеграмма уже получена? 9. О новой книге будут много говорить. 10. В нашем городе сейчас строится много новых зданий. 11. Ключи были утеряны вчера. 12. Мальчика возьмут в кино.
Задание 3. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глаголы в нужные формы страдательного залога:
1. Those books (return) to the library yesterday. 2. The paintings (exhibit) till the end of the month. 3. Why your home task (not do)? 4. The patient (take) to the hospital today, and (operate) tomorrow morning. 5. This room (use) only on special occasions. 6. Litter must not (leave) here. 7. This newspaper (not read) because the pages (not cut). 8. Dictionaries may not (use) at the examinations. 9. Usually the floor (sweep) every day, but it (not sweep) yesterday. 10. This book (leave) in the classroom yesterday. 11. Thousands of new houses (build) every year. 12. This room (not use) for a long time. 13. The children (take) to the circus tomorrow.
Вариант1
Building professions
A man, who has been an apprentice for some years in a building trade and has therefore enough skill to be considered a skilled worker at his trade, is called tradesman.
Bricklayer is a tradesman who builds and repairs brickworks, chimney pots, fireplaces. He renders brickwork, including the insides of manholes.
Carpenter is a man who erects wood frames, fits joints, fixes wood floors, stairs and window frames. He builds or dismantles wood or metal formwork. The two trades of carpenter and joiner were originally the same.
Plasterer is a tradesman who may be a fibrous plasterer or a plasterer in solid work. The latter lays successive coats of plaster or rendering and fixes fibrous plaster such as mould cornices and wall pattern.
A construction manager, or CM, provides services similar to those of general contractor, but represents client’s interest during all phases of the building process – design as well as construction. They are usually paid a negotiated fee for the scope of services rendered.
For example, working with the architect during design, the CM provides updated cost projections so that a client will know probable cost, which the project evolves.
The CM decides who bids the job, picks up the request for invitation to bid, evaluates the bids, and awards work to the most reasonable bidder. The CM also presents contracts and sends them out to the subcontractors. The owner signs the contracts with each subcontractor. As a result, the subcontractors are under the CM’s direction.
The CM may also be responsible for the safety of workers on the construction site.
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно
2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. What man can be called a tradesman?
2. What building professions do you know?
3. What does a bricklayer do?
4. Who works with wood?
5. What can a plasterer do?
6. What must a construction manager provide?
7. Who is responsible for the safety of workers?
8. What for is CM working with architect?
3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты к следующим выражениям:
Считаться умелым; возводить деревянные конструкции; слой штукатурки; безопасность рабочих; предоставлять услуги; подписывать договоры.
4. Выпишите из текста существительные в форме множественного числа. Напишите эти существительные в единственном числе.
5. Задайте общие вопросы к следующим предложениям:
Skilled worker is called a tradesman.
The trades of carpenter and joiner are similar.
Plasterer lays coats of plaster.
The CM represents client’s interests.
The owner signs the contracts.
6. Определите в каких временных формах употреблен глагол to be в этом предложении. Укажите их название.
A man, who has been an apprentice for some years in a building trade and has therefore enough skill to be considered a skilled worker at his trade, is called tradesman.
7. Заполните пропуски нужной формой глагола to be
He… born in 1985. We… students now. It… an interesting book. These… my pencils. Where… this book? What… their names? Who…he? How…your friend? Tomorrow we… at home.
Вариант 2
Concrete
Concrete is perhaps the most widely spread building material used nowadays. Concrete is an artificial stone, made mixing such natural ingredients or aggregates as cement, sand and gravel or broken stone together with sufficient water to produce a mixture of proper consistency. It has many valuable properties. It sets under water, can be poured into moulds so as to get almost any desirable form, and together with steel in reinforced details it has very high strength, and also resists fire. Prestressed concrete is most widely used at present while prefabricated blocks are employed on vast scale for skeleton structures.
Aggregates for concrete.
By the simple definition “aggregates are the materials, such as sand and small stones, that are mixed with cement to form concrete”. In other words aggregates can be defined as a mass of practically inert mineral materials, which, when surrounded and bonded together by an active binder, form the rock. This rock is denoted by the general term concrete.
Aggregates have three principal functions in the concrete: they provide a relatively cheap filler for the concreting material, or binder; they provide a mass of particles which are suitable for resisting the action of applied loads, of abrasion, or percolation of moisture through the mass, and of climate factors; they reduce volume changes resulting from the action of the setting and hardening of the concrete mass.
All aggregates, both natural and artificial, which have sufficient strength and resistance to weathering, and which do not contain harmful impurities may be used for making concrete.
As aggregates such natural materials as sand, pebbles, broken stone, broken brick, gravel, slag, cinder, pumice and others can be used.
1. Переведите текст письменно.
2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. Is concrete used nowadays?
2. What is concrete made of?
3. What properties does it have?
4. Where is prestressed concrete employed?
5. How can aggregates be defined?
6. What functions do aggregates have in concrete?
7. Which aggregates may be used for making concrete?
8. What materials can be used as aggregates?
3. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.
Widely spread building material; a mixture of proper consistency; to get any desirable form; bounded by an active binder; to resist the action of applied load; contain harmful impurities;
4. Задайте вопросы к следующим предложениям
1. Concrete is an artificial stone.
2. It has many valuable properties.
3. Concrete can be poured into moulds.
4. It resists fire.
5. Concrete is used for skeleton structures.
6. Aggregates have three functions.
5. Выпишите из текста предложения с модальными глаголами.
6. Заполните пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами
1. They… not do this work themselves.
2 You…take my dictionary.
3 Why… I give you my money?
4 She..not speak any foreign language.
5 He…to help them, they need his help.
7. Выпишите из предложения все глаголы во времени Present Simple.
It sets under water, can be poured into moulds so as to get almost any desirable form, and together with steel in reinforced details it has very high strength, and also resists fire.
Вариант 3
Construction work
The buildings erected nowadays can be divided into two general classes: buildings for housing and industrial buildings.
As far as material is concerned buildings can be divided into brick, wood, concrete, and steel buildings. Brick is an artificial building material made of clay which is then burnt for hardening. Natural stone is used for footing and foundations for external walls carrying the load.
Buildings made of stone are durable and fire-resisting.
The floors divide a building into stories. They may be either of timber or, in brick buildings, of reinforced concrete details of big and small sizes.
The coverings or upper parts of buildings meant to keep out rain and wind and to preserve the interior from exposure to weather, are called roofs. They tie the walls and give the construction strength and firmness.
Every building must have a beautiful appearance. The interior should be planned to suit the requirements of the occupants while the exterior must be simple with nothing superfluous.
Every building should be provided with water, electricity, ventilation and heating systems. The water supply and sewerage systems are called plumbing.
Careful consideration must be given to the amount of money which is going to be spent in building the house. An estimate depending upon the design of the building must be calculated after which work on the building can be started.
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно.
2. Дополните предложения
1. The buildings may be…..
2. Buildings made of stone are…
3. The interior should be planned to suit…
4. The coverings of the building are called..
5. Every building should be provided with…
3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно
1. Into what groups can the buildings be divided?
2. Of what material are the buildings built?
3. What is the natural stone used for?
4. What can you say about the buildings made of stone?
5. What may be floors made of?
6. What are the roofs for?
4. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.
Artificial building material; carrying the load; reinforced concrete details; requirements of the occupants; depending upon the design.
5. Задайте вопросы к следующим предложениям.
1. Buildings made of stone are durable.
2. The coverings of the building are called roofs.
3. The water supply and sewerage systems are called plumbing.
4. Every building must have a beautiful appearance.
5. Artificial building materials are made of clay.
6. Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие временные формы Passive.
7. Переведите предложения и определите залог и время сказуемого.
1. New subjects will be studied next year.
2. The text has been already written by them.
3. The text is being translated at the moment.
4. The work will have been done when he comes.
5. These toys are made by children.
Вариант 4
Modern building materials
Some of the most important building materials are: timber, brick, stone, concrete, metal, plastics and glass.
Timber is provided by different kinds of trees. Timbers used for building purposes are divided into two groups called softwoods and hardwoods. Timber is at present not so much used in building construction, as in railway engineering and mining. However, timber is still employed as a building material in the form of boards.
A brick is best described as a “building unit”. It may be made of clay, of concrete, of mortar. There exists variety of bricks for different purposes: ordinary, hollow or porous, lightweight, multicolor bricks for decorative purposes. Bricks are usually laid in place with the help of mortar.
Sometimes natural stones such as marble, granite, basalt, limestone and sandstone are used for the construction of dams and foundations. Marble, granite and sandstone are widely used for decorative purposes as well, especially with the public buildings.
Metals: Aluminium, principally in the form of various alloys, is highly valued for its durability and especially for its light weigh.
Steel finds its use in corrugated sheets for roofing, for girders, frames. Various shapes are employed in construction.
Plastics are artificial materials used in construction work for a vast number of purposes. Nowadays plastics can be applied to almost every branch of building, from the laying of foundation to the final coat of paint. Plastics have some good advantages as they are lighter than metals, not subject to corrosion, and they can be easier machined. Besides, they are inflammable, they can take any color and pattern, and they are good electrical insulators. They can be worked with ordinary builders’ tools.
Foamed glass is widely used in prefabricated house building, to ensure heat insulation of exterior wall panels, and in industrial construction.
Structural foamed glass blocks designed to fill ceilings and for making interior partitions in buildings and rooms, to ensure heat and sound insulation.
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык письменно.
2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. Which building materials are the most important?
2. In what form is timber employed?
3. How can brick be described?
4. What can be brick made of?
5. How can natural stone be used?
6. What is aluminium valued for?
7. What are plastics?
8. How can plastics be applied in construction?
3. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты к следующим словам.
Использовать для строительных целей; применяется как строительный материал; общественные здания; высоко ценится; разнообразные формы; иметь хорошие преимущества; обычные строительные инструменты.
4. Дополните следующие предложения.
1. Timber is used for…
2. Brick may be made….
3. Natural stones are widely used…
4. Aluminium is valued for….
5. Plastics have some…
5. Выпишите из текста предложения с глаголами во времени Present Simple.
6. Задайте общие вопросы к следующим предложениям
1. Timber is an important building material.
2. Steel finds its use in corrugated sheets for roofing.
3. Plastics are artificial material.
4. Plastics have some good advantages.
7. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Древесина может быть мягкой и твердой.
2. Цветной кирпич используют для декоративных целей.
3. Алюминий ценится за легкий вес.
4. Пластик легче чем металл.
5. Природный камень используют для строительства фундаментов.
Вариант 5
The art of building
The first houses were built for the purpose of protecting their owners from the weather and, therefore, were very simple – a roof to keep off the rain or snow, and walls to keep out the wind.
The building erected now can be divided into broad classifications: they are either for housing or for industrial purpose.
As far as the material is concerned, the building can be divided into stone (or brick), wood and concrete types. The brick is an artificial material made of clay then burnt to harden it. The natural stone is used for footing and foundations for external walls carrying the load. The buildings made of stone or brick are durable, fire-proof and have poor heat conductivity.
The tiers or levels which divide a building into stages or stories are called floors. These may be of timber but in stone buildings they are made of ferro-concrete details in great and small sizes.
The coverings or upper parts of buildings constructed over to keep out rain and wind and to preserve the interior from exposure to the weather, are called roofs. These should tie the walls and give strength and firmness to the construction.
Every building must be beautiful in appearance and proportional in various parts. The interior should be planned to suit the requirements of the occupants while the exterior must be simple without any excesses.
Any building should be provided with water, electricity, ventilation and heating system. Getting water into the house is called plumbing. The plumbers have also to get the water out after it has been used. The first part of this problem is called water supply and the second one is called drainage or sewerage.
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно.
2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. What were the firs houses built for?
2. Into what types can buildings be divided?
3. What are called floors?
4. What does keep rain out of building?
5. What have to suit the requirements of the occupants?
6 What should be building provided with?
3. Дополните предложения.
1. ….. protect their owners from the weather.
2. The buildings can be divided….
3. The buildings made of stone are…
4. ……are called floors.
5. The coverings preserve the interior….
6. Every building must be….
4. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.
To keep off the rain; as far as material is concerned; made of clay; carrying the load; heat conductivity; exposure to the weather; give strength and firmness; without any excesses.
5. Выпишите из текста предложения с модальными глаголами.
6. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Все здания можно разделить на два типа.
2. Перекрытия могут быть из дерева или железобетонных изделий.
3. Крыши должны укреплять стены.
4. Здания должны быть красивыми и пропорциональными.
5. Внешний вид должен быть простым.
7. Задайте вопросы к предложениям.
1. The brick is an artificial material.
2. Brick buildings are durable.
3. The covering keeps out rain.
4. Roofs tie the walls.
5. The water supply is called plumbing.
Вариант 6
Holidays in Russia
There are many national holidays in Russia, when people all over the country do not work and have special celebrations.
The major holidays are: New Year’s Day, Women’s Day, May Day, Victory Day, and Independence Day.
The first holiday of the year is New Year’s Day. People see the new year in at midnight on the 31st of December. They greet new year with champagne and listen to the Kremlin chimes beating 12 o’clock.
There are lots of New Year traditions in Russia. In every home there is a New Year tree glittering with colored lights and decorations. Children always wait for Father Frost to come and give them a present. Many people consider New Year’s Day to be a family holiday. But the young prefer to have New Year parties of their own.
A renewed holiday in our country is Christmas. It is celebrated on the 7th of January. It’s a religious holiday and a lot of people go to church services on that day.
On the 8th of March we celebrate Women’s Day when men are supposed to do everything about the house, cook all the meals and give women flowers.
The greatest national holiday in our country is Victory Day. On the 9th of May, 1945, our army completely defeated the German fascists and the Great Patriotic War ended. We’ll never forget our grandfathers and grandmothers who died to defend our Motherland. We honour their memory with a minute of silence and put flowers on the Tomb of Unknown Soldier.
Independence Day is a new holiday in our country. On the 12th of June, 1992, the first President of Russia was elected.
We also celebrate Day of Defender of Motherland on the 23d of February, Easter, Day of Knowledge and lots of professional holidays which are not public holidays and banks, offices and schools do not close.
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно.
2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту
1. What public holidays are celebrated in Russia?
2. What is your favourite holiday?
3. Do you see the new year in at home?
4. What New Year traditions do you know?
5. When is Christmas celebrated?
6. What is the greatest national holiday in our country?
7. Why is the 9th of May so scared for the Russian people?
3. Дополните предложения.
1. Father Frost comes on……and gives presents to children.
2. Religious service is held on….in the churches.
3. Men give flowers on….. and do everything about the house.
4. We celebrate…… on the 9th of May.
5. The day when the first Russian President was elected is called……
6. At midnight on the 31st of December people see…..in.
7. The 23d of February is the ……all men holiday.
8. On the 1st of September all the pupils have…….
9. Another great religious holiday….. is celebrated in spring.
4. Задайте вопросы к следующим предложениям.
1. The first holiday of the year is New Year’s Day.
2. Children always wait for Father Frost.
3. It is celebrated on the 7th of January.
4. The greatest national holiday in our country is Victory Day.
5. Independence Day is a new holiday in our country.
5. Переведите предложения на английский язык используя обороты there is, there are.
1. В нашей группу есть несколько новых учеников.
2. На столе есть книга.
3. В году 4 сезона.
4. В нашей стране много больших городов.
5. Что-то есть на полке.
6. Много красивых цветов есть в саду.
6. Вставьте глагол to be в нужной форме
1. There…a telegram on the table.
2. There a lot of stars and planets in space.
3. There many houses in our street.
4. There a lamp over the table.
5. There some interesting stories in this book.
7. Выпишите из текста существительные в притяжательном падеже.
Вариант 7
Painting in England
Painting in England in the period of the 15-17th centuries was represented mostly by foreign artists.
In the 16th century Hans Holbein the Younger, a well-known painter was invited to London by the King Henry VIII. Though he did not create any painting school in England he nevertheless played an important part in the development of English portrait art.
The 18th century was the century during which a truly national painting school was created in England. Portrait art at that time was the main kind of painting.
William Hogarth (1697-1764) was the first man to raise British pictorial art to a level of importance. He was born in London. His father was a schoolmaster. His taste for drawing was remarkable and after school he was apprenticed to a silverplate engraver.
Hogarth painted many pictures. “ The Marriage Contract” is the first of the series of his pictures forming the famous “ marriage a la mode”. The subject of the picture is a protest against marriage for money and vanity. Hogarth was the first great English artist.
The next great figure of the 18th century painting- Thomas Gainsborough – was born in 1727. Gainsborough had little academic training, he learned to paint not by plodding in the studio, but by observing the actual world. Van Dyck’s graceful poses and silvery tones fascinated him and played a large part in determining the development of his skill. Perhaps the best known today of all Gainsborough’s portraits is the famous “ Blue Boy”. Gainsborough maintained always that the predominant colour in the picture should be blue. His picture “ The Cottage Girl with Dog and Pitcher” attracted general attention. This picture representing a small country girl was first exhibited in 1814. His achievements lay in the discovery of the beauty of his native landscape.
William Turner, a great romantic English landscape painter, was born in Devonshire in 1775. His first drawings are dated 1787, when he was only twelve years of age. When he was 21, he began to exhibit oil paintings as well as water-colours at the Royal Academy. The first, “Fishermen at Sea” is now in the Tate Gallery. As a landscape painter Turner was interested mainly in light and colour effects. One of his famous paintings is even called “Light and Colour”. His work is high praised by great critics. Turner died in London in 1851. His pictures and drawings became the property of the British nation.
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно.
2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. Who represented painting in England in the 15-17th centuries?
2. What kind of painting was the main in England at that time?
3. Who was the first great English artist?
4. Which artist was the most famous in the 18th century in England?
5. What pictures of Gainsborough do you know?
6. What kind of art did W.Turner work?
7. Can you name some of Turner’s pictures?
3. Дополните предложения.
1. Hans Holbein did not create painting school in England…
2. The main kind of painting was….. at that time.
3. W. Hogarth was apprenticed to…
4. Gainsborough liked….. best of all.
5. W Turner was….
6. The pictures of Turner became…..
4. Выпишите глаголы из предложения и определите их временную форму.
Gainsborough had little academic training, he learned to paint not by plodding in the studio, but by observing the actual world.
5. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Он сыграл важную роль в развитии английской живописи.
2. Хогарт был первым знаменитым английским художником.
3. Гейнсборо утверждал что главным цветом должен быть синий.
4. Он раскрыл красоту родного пейзажа.
5. Работы Тернера высоко оценены критиками.
6. Выпишите из текста предложения во времени Past Simple.
Вариант 8
Travelling
Modern life is impossible without traveling. Thousands of people travel every day either on business or for pleasure. They can travel by air, by rail, by sea or by road.
Of course, traveling by air is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it is the most expensive too. Travelling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see much more interesting places of the country you are traveling through. Modern trains have very comfortable seats. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars which make even the longest journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the main advantages of trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means.
Travelling by sea is very popular. Large ships and small river boats can visit foreign countries and different places of interest within their own country.
As for me, I prefer traveling by car. I think it’s very convenient. You needn’t reserve tour tickets.
You needn’t carry heavy suitcases. You can stop wherever you wish, and spend at any place as much time as you like.
Every year my friend and I go somewhere to the South for holidays. The Black Sea is one of the most wonderful places which attracts holiday-makers all over the world. There are many rest-homes, sanatoriums and tourist camps there. But it is also possible to rent a room or a furnished house for a couple of weeks there. Sometimes, we can place ourselves in a tent on the sea shore enjoying fresh air and the sun all day long.
As a rule, I make new friends there. In the day time we play volleyball, tennis, swim in the warm water of the sea and sunbathe. In the evening I like to sit on the beach watching the sea and enjoying the sunset. I’m fond of mountaineering. So I do a lot of climbing together with my friends. Time passes quickly and soon we have to make our way back. We return home sunburnt and full of impressions.
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно.
2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту письменно.
1. What methods of traveling do you know?
2. What way of traveling is the most convenient?
3. What advantages has each way of traveling?
4. What method of traveling do you prefer?
5. Have you traveled much?
6. Where have you been?
7. What did you like there?
3. Напишите эквиваленты к следующим словам и выражениям.
Путешествовать по делу, самый удобный способ, главные преимущества, достопримечательности в своей стране, столько времени сколько захочется.
4. Выпишите из текста прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степенях.
5. Поставьте прилагательные в скобках в нужную форму.
1. Winter is (cold) season.
2. Moscow is (old) than St.Petersburg.
3. What is (short) month in the year?
4. Where is it (beautiful), in the mountains or near the sea?
5. It was (bad) mistake I’ve ever made.
6. In spring the days are (long) than in winter.
6. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Путешествие по воздуху самый быстрый способ.
2. Поезда делают самое длинное путешествие приятным.
3. Путешествие на автомобиле очень удобно.
4. Можно разместиться в палатке на морском берегу.
5. Мне нравится наблюдать закат солнца.
6. Время проходит быстро и мы возвращаемся домой полные впечатлений.
7. Задайте 5 общих вопросов к тексту.
Вариант 9
