. . . .
, , -. , , . .
I : S2O2ˉ3, SO2ˉ4, SO2ˉ3 , CrO2ˉ4, Cr2 O2ˉ7 2O2ˉ4, CO2ˉ3 , F ˉ, PO3ˉ4 , AsO3ˉ4 , SiO2ˉ3 .
II : Cl ˉ , Brˉ , I ˉ, S2ˉ
III : NO2ˉ , NO3ˉ, 3ˉ
I BaCl 2 Ba(NO 3) 2 , , HCl, BaSO 4. II AgNO 3. , NO 3. I , .
III , . . - , .
, .
- (AsO3ˉ4 , Cr2O2ˉ7, NO2ˉ ) - KI . - - -.
AsO3ˉ4 + 2+ + 2I ˉ = AsO3ˉ3 + H2O + I2
- (2O2ˉ4, SO2ˉ3, S2O2ˉ3, NO2ˉ, AsO3ˉ3 , S2ˉ, I ˉ) KMnO 4 .
2MnO ˉ4 + 2O2ˉ4 + 16+ = 10O2 + 2Mn 2 + + 8 H2O
(H2 SO3, H2 O3, H2S2O3) HCl, - (SO2, O2, H2S)
SO2ˉ3 + 2+ = H2 SO3 = SO2 ↑ + H2O
I .
- .
SO2ˉ4 + 2 + = BaSO 4 ↓
SO2ˉ4 + Sr 2 + = SrSO 4 ↓
.
SO2ˉ 4 + b 2 + = bSO 4 ↓
.
-
SO2ˉ3 + 2+ = H2 SO3 = SO2 ↑ + H2O
, . KMn O 4.
SO2ˉ3 + 2 + = BaSO 3 ↓
, HCl.
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SO2ˉ3 + 2+ = H2 SO3 = SO2 ↑ + H2O
SO2ˉ3 + H2O + I2 = SO2ˉ4 + 2+ + 2I ˉ
, .
3Zn + 6 + + SO2 = 3Zn 2 + + H2O + H2S ↑
, , :
H2S + Pb 2 + = PbS ↓ + 2+
-
S2 O2ˉ3 + 2 + = H2 S2 O3 = SO2 ↑ + S↓ + H2O
.
S2 O2ˉ3 + 2 + = S2 O3 ↓
, SO2 S.
S2 O2ˉ3 + I2 = S4 O2ˉ6 + 2I ˉ
.
S2 O2ˉ3 + 2Ag + = Ag2 S2 O3 ↓
Ag2 S2 O3↓ + H2O = Ag2 S↓ + 2+ + SO2ˉ4
Ag2 S2 O3 , , Ag2 S.
-
CO2ˉ3 + 2+ = H2 O3 = O2 ↑ + H2O
:
() 2 + O2 = O3 ↓ + H2O
CO2ˉ3 + 2 + = O3 ↓
,
O3 ↓ + 2 + = H2 O3 + 2 +
H2 O3 = O2 ↑ + H2O
CO2ˉ3 + Mg 2 + = MgO3 ↓
. - .
2COˉ3 + Mg 2 + = MgO3 ↓ + O2 ↑ + H2O
, (1:10), ( ).
-
2PO3ˉ4 + 3 2 + = 3 PO4 ↓
,
3 PO4 ↓+ 6 + = 3 2 + + 2 3 PO4
PO3ˉ4 + 3Ag + = Ag 3 PO4 ↓
,
Ag 3 PO4 ↓+ 3+ = 3Ag + + 3 PO4
Ag 3 PO4 ↓+ 6NH 3 * H2O = 3[Ag (NH 3) 2 ] + +2PO3ˉ4 + H2O
3. * MgCl2, NH 3 * H2O, NH4Cl
HPO2ˉ4 + NH 3 * H2O + Mg 2 + = MgN 4 PO4↓ + H2O
4.* - :
NH4V O3, (NH4 ) 2 Mo O4, HNO3
PO3ˉ4 + V O3 - + 11 Mo O 4 2 - + NH4 + + 22 + =
= (NH4 ) 4 [Mo O11 V O40 ] + 11 H2O
-
2O2ˉ4 + 2 + = 2O4 ↓
,
2O4 ↓+ 2 + = H2 2O4 + 2 +
2O2ˉ4 + 2 + = 2O4 ↓
,
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2O4 ↓ + 2 + = H2 2O4 + 2 +
3. MnO 4
2MnO ˉ4 + 2O2ˉ4 + 16 + = 10O2 + 2Mn 2+ +8 H2O
-
AsO3ˉ4 + 2 + = 3 (AsO4)2 ↓
,
3 (AsO4) 2 ↓ + 6 + = 3AsO4 + 3 2 +
AsO3ˉ4 + Mg 2 + + NH4 + = MgN 4 As O4 ↓
AsO3ˉ4 + 3Ag + = Ag 3 As O4 ↓
,
Ag 3 As O4 ↓+ 3+ = 3AsO4 + 3Ag +
Ag 3 As O4 ↓+ 6 NH 3 * H2O = 3[Ag(NH 3) 2 ] + +2AsO3ˉ4 + H2O
AsO3ˉ4 + 2 + + 2I ˉ = AsO3ˉ3 + H2O + I2
, - .
-
2 AsO3ˉ3 + 3 2 + = 3 (AsO3) 2 ↓
,
3 (AsO3) 2 ↓+ 6 + = 3AsO3 + 3 2 +
2 AsO3ˉ3 + 3H2S + 6 + = As2 S3 ↓ + 6H2O
, . ,
As2 S3 ↓ + 6 NH 3 * H2O = AsO3ˉ3 + As S33ˉ + 6NH4 + + 3H2O
AsO3ˉ3 + 3Ag + = Ag 3 As O3 ↓
,
AsO3ˉ3 + 2O - + I3 - = AsO3ˉ4 + 3I - + H2O
