v , v1, v. ( -1) , , , . =2 . tp
tp = -2
, .. . =0 108 , 106 .
. 16 , .
- ( -2) a ()=(a1,a2, a-2), , a1,a2, a-2 Î n.
.
Np =(1,2, ), a, , Np =(1,2, ). , a ()=(a1,a2, a-2). , ( -2) , , Np. .
Np =(1,2, ) amin, a ()=(a1,a2, a-2) (amin, a1). amin Np a1 a () a (). Np .
, a (2)=(1,3,1,1,3) 2
.
N7 =(1,2,3,4,5,6,7) (2,1). ''2'' N7 ''1'' a (2),
(4,3) (5,1),(6,1),(1,3),(3,7). .
.
. .
.
, , .
.
(ni,nj) mij, , , .
, , mi
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.
³9 106. , . min , , . ( -1) . , , , .
, .
.
, .
, .
() . - , , ij - ji - ''-'' , i j.
, .
, ( 7).
D22 .
.
.
, ni ( ), deg (ni).
deg (n2)=4
deg (n5)=0
0. , , .
d + (ni) d - (ni) , ni ni .
, .
.
1. = { x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6 } Y ={ y1,y2,y3,y4 }
= {(x1,y2),(x2,y1),(x2,y2),(x4,y2), (x4,y3),(x5,y1),(x5,y3)}.
:
) ;
) ;
) ' ={ x1,x4 } '' = { x2,x3,x5 } ;
) ;
) -1.
2. ; Y , Î Î Y, '' ''. , , 1.
3. (2) Ç (4), (2)\ (4) (2)+ (4). 2.
. , .
. = = {(1,2),(1,3), (2,1),(2,4),(3,3)} ={(1,1),(1,3), (2,2),(3,1),(4,2),(4,3)}. .
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Æ= A
Æ
Æ=Æ