|
1
| /
|
|
|
| ()
|
|
| D
|
| |
|
| ,
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| 4
|
|  82--98 %
| 100 %
| 70-75 %
| 20-22 %
| 5-10 %
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| -
|
|
| |
|
| ,
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| , , ?
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| ?
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| ?
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| , .
|
| .
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
|
σ=*n*P*D/2δ 
| σ=+n*P*D/2δ
| σ=*n+P*D/2δ
| σ=*n*P*D-2δ
| σ=*n*P*D*2δ
| |
|
| .
|
| q.=100* n*P* D2
| q.=100* n*P/ D2
| q.=100* n+P* D2
| q.=100* n*P+ D2
| q.=100* n*P* D
| |
|
| , .
|
| q.= n* * S*D.
| q.= n/ * S*D.
| q.= n* */S*D.
| q.= n* * S/D.
| q.= n* * S*D.2
| |
|
| ?
|
|
| .
|
|
|
| |
|
| ?
|
| 6
| 2
| 10
| 24
| 1
| |
|
| .
|
| 0,6- 0,8
| 1,5-2
| 0,2-0,3
| 2-3
| 2-2,2
| |
|
| ?
|
| , ,
| , ,
| , -, .
| ,
| , .,
| |
|
| ?
|
| -, . . -
| , .,
| ,
| , -, .
| , ,
| |
|
|
|
| 1
| 0,5
| 1,5
| 2
| 3
| |
|
| - .
|
| 200
| 200
| 20
| 300
| 50
| |
|
| .
|
| 0,002
| 0,2
| 0,0002
| 0,02
| 0,008
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| , -
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| -
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
| -
|
| -
|
| -
| |
|
| - :
|
| H=a+bQ2
| H=a-bQ2
| H=cbQ2
| H=a+bQ3
| =(1 +bQ2)
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| -
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| .
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| , ,
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| , ,
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| ?
|
| , ,
| ,
|
|
| ,
| |
|
| , .
|
| 200 250
| 20-25
| 100-120
| 800-1000
| 22,5
| |
|
| .
|
| . . . .
|
| .
|
| ..
| |
|
| , .
|
| 10 15
| 20-25
| 100-120
| 22,5
| 1-1,5
| |
|
| -
|
| -
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| -
|
|
|
|
| - .
| - -
| |
|
| ?
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
| ,
|
.
| |
|
|
-
-
|
| - - - .
|
, -
|
.
| , - - - -
.
| - - - . .
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| 10%
| 50%
| 100%
| 1%
| 0,1%
| |
|
| ..
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| -
|
| 20 ,
760 . . -
| 0 ,
760 . . -
| 25 -
, 765 .
.
| 20 -
, 860 .
.
| 2
, 740
.
| |
|
| , ?
|
| .
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| ?
|
| . .
|
| .
|
| -- -
| |
|
| .
|
| - .
| .
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
| 3.
|
| . .
|
| . .
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| -, - -
|
|
-
| - - -
.
| ,
.
| |
|
| - .(.)
|
| = h + + 0,6
| = h + + 0,8
| = h + + 1
| = h + + 0,2
| = h + + 2
| |
|
| - .(.)
|
| L = ℓ + (2 -3)
| L = ℓ + (5-6)
| L = ℓ + (1-1,5)
| L = ℓ + (4-5)
| L = ℓ + (8-10)
| |
|
| - .(.)
|
| = + 3,
| = + 10,
| = + 6,
| = + 13,
| = + 1,
| |
|
| -
|
| -
| ,
| ,
| , ,
| , , ,
| |
|
|
|
| -
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
| 100%
|
|
| 100%
| 100%
| |
|
|
|
| 100%
|
| 100%
| 100%
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| -
| |
|
| ,
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| 2 (.)
|
| 500-1000
| 300
| 300-500
| 1000-1200
| 1200
| |
|
| - - -
|
| ()
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
|
| 3
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| , ,
| ,
| ,
| ,
| ,
,
| |
|
| , .
|
| .
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
| 800.
| 3000
| 500
| 200
| 1500
| |
|
|
|
| , - /,
| - /,
|
|
| , ,
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| -
|
| |
|
| , .
|
| 200
| 20
| 2
| 2000
| 20000
| |
|
| (.)
|
| 400-600
| 100-200
| 15-20
| 800-1200
| 30-40
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| , .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| -
|
|
|
|
|
| -
| |
|
| , , - -?
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
| .
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| , , .
|
| .
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| , .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| -
|
|
|
| -
| |
|
|
|
| 5
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| , .
|
| .
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| ,
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| - - - -
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| - - -
|
|
| .
|
|
| -
| |
|
|
|
|
| 0,5
|
|
| 0,5
| |
|
|
|
| 100% . .
| 100%
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
| , .
| - .
| , .
| .
| .
| |
|
| , , , .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| ,
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ,
|
| |
|
| () .
|
| 200/2
| 50-100 /2
| 500/2
| 10-20/2
| 100/2
| |
|
|
|
| , ,
| , ,
|
| .
| .
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
|
|
| .
| |
|
|
|
| .
|
|
| .
|
| |
|
|
|
| - -
|
| - - -
|
| - -
| |
|
|
|
| -
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| .
|
| .
|
|
| |
|
| - . ?
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| -
|
| .
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
|
| .
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| -
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 0
| |
|
| .
|
| -,
| 960
| 5000
| -, .
| -,
| |
|
| -
|
| . .
| .
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
| ,
|
| ,
|
| ,
| |
|
|
|
| , 2-3 + 1 -
| , 2-3
| , 2-3 + 1 -
| , 4-5
| ,
4-5
| |
|
|
|
| , 1-2 +1 -
| , 1-2 +1 -
| , 2-3
| , 4-5
| 2-3 + 1 -
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| -
| -
|
| |
|
|
|
| .
| .
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
| .
| .
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| .
|
|
| -
| |
|
|
|
| . . .
|
| .
|
|
| |
|
| . -
|
| .
| .
| . . .
| .
|
| |
|
| -
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| 20 -
|
| .
| .
| .
| .
|
| |
|
| ,
|
| . , , ,
| , ,
| , ,
| , ,
| , ,
| |
|
| ?
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| - . .
|
|
|
| .
|
| .
| |
|
| ?
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
|
| .
| .
| - .
| .
| |
|
| .
|
| .
|
| .
| .
| .
| |
|
| .
|
|
| -
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| , ,
| ,
| ,
|
| , ,
| |
|
| .
|
| -
|
| .
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| - ?
|
| -
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| 1)
2)
3)
| 1)
2)
3)
| 1)
2)
| 1)
2)
| 1)
2)
| |
|
| - .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
| ,
| ,
| ,
|
| ,
| |
|
| - ?
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| , -
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| .
|
|
| |
|
| ..
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| .
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| -
|
| .
|
|
| .
|
| |
|
|
-
|
| , - -
-
|
|
|
| , ,
..
| |
|
|
|
| - -
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| , . . -
|
|
| - - .
|
|
|
| |
|
| - .
|
| 0,3-0,5 .
| 5-6 .
| 2-3 .
| 1-2 .
| 3-4 .
|
: 2016-12-06; !; : 295 |
:
:
1734 -  | 1674 - 
© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - - |
