4.
() :
- ,
- ,
- () ,
- ()
() , , , .
, . , ( ), ( ) , , , ; , ; . . , .
:
1. (public debt) :
- , ;
- , , .
, , - . , .
2. (publicly guranteed debt) , .
3. (private nonguranteed debt) , . , .
. , , , , , , 25%; , ; .
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:
(notes and commercial paper, CP) - , . . .
(bank loans) , . , (syndicated loan). , . - , , , .
(bonds) 3-10 , . , . (coupon bonds) (zero-coupon bonds).
, , : , , . , . - (underwriter), , . -, . , , , , , , . , . 65% . , , , . (Internattional Securuties Market Association ISMA)