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FAQ

(Scale Factors)

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2

 

Ҳ COCOMO

: . .

 

COCOMO

COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) - , 80- . 63 TRW Aerospace, . 2 100 000 , PL/1, i .

[3]. :

(organic projects);

(embedded projects);

(semidetached projects).

, , . , .

, , . , , , . .

- . ( ) , , . ҳ , .

򳺿 COCOMO.

.

 

2.1.1 (Basic COCOMO)

 

- . ( ).

г :

,

,

PM (People × Month) - (. × .);

TM (Time at Month) - ;

SIZE - (Kilo of Source Line of Code - KSLOC).

ai, bi, ci di . 2.1.

, , , , , .

 

2.1. COCOMO

a b c d
2,4 1,05 2,5 0,38
3,0 1,12 2,5 0,35
3,6 1,20 2,5 0,32

 

 

2.1.2 (Intermediate COCOMO)

 

15 ( ) Cost Drivers (CDk), :

- (Product ttributes):

(Required Software Reliability);

(Size of Application Database);

(Complexity of the Product);

- (Hardware ttributes):

䳿 (Run-Time Performance Constraints);

' (Memory Constraints);

(Volatility of the Virtual Machine Environment);

(Required Turnabout Time);

- (Personnel ttributes):

(Analyst Capability);

(Software Engineer Capability);

(Applications Experience);

(Virtual Machine Experience);

(Programming Language Experience);

- (Project ttributes):

(Use of Software Tools);

(Application of Software Engineering Methods);

(Required Development Schedule).

. 2.2

() .

 

2.2.

 

   
  , CDk  
1. 0,75 0,88 1,00 1,15 1,40 n/a
2. n/a 0,94 1,00 1,08 1,16 n/a
3. 0,70 0,85 1,00 1,15 1,30 1,65
4. 䳿 n/a n/a 1,00 1,11 1,30 1,66
5. ' n/a n/a 1,00 1,06 1,21 1,56
6. n/a 0,87 1,00 1,15 1,30 n/a
7. n/a 0,87 1,00 1,07 1,15 n/a
8. 1,46 1,19 1,00 0,86 0,71 n/a
9. 1,29 1,13 1,00 0,91 0,82 n/a
10. 1,42 1,17 1,00 0,86 0,70 n/a
11. 1,21 1,10 1,00 0,90 n/a n/a
12. 1,14 1,07 1,00 0,95 n/a n/a
13. 1,24 1,10 1,00 0,91 0,82 n/a

14.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1,24 1,10 1,00 0,91 0,83 n/a
15. 1,23 1,08 1,00 1,04 1,10 n/a
                       

: n / a (not available) - ,

 

,

PM - (. × .);

SIZE -

(Kilo of Source Line of Code - KSLOC).

EAF (Effort Adjustment Factor) . 2: EAF = .

ai bi . 2.3.

 

2.3. COCOMO

 

, i ai bi
1. 3,2 1,05
2. 3,0 1,12
3. 2,8 1,20

 

, .

 

2.1.3 (Advanced COCOMO)

ϳ ( ).

 

COCOMO II

 

1997 COCOMO II. 161 .

³ 䳿 : (Early Design) (Post Architecture).

. × . :

,

;

B = 0,91; A =2,94 ; A =2,45 ;

SFj (Scale Factors) (. 5);

SIZE

(KSLOC Kilo of Source Line of Code);

EMj (Effort Multiplier). n = 7 - (. 6), n = 17 - (. 7);

EAF (Effort Adjustment Factor) - : .

 

(Scale Factors)

 

COCOMO II ' SFj, .4.

 

4.

 

  г
SFj
1. PREC. Precedentedness. ,
2. FLEX. Development Flexibility
3. RESL. Architecture / Risk Resolution / 20% / 40% / 60% / 75% / 90% 100%
4. TEAM. Team Cohesion 䳿 䳿 䳿 ,  
5. PMAT. Process Maturity г 1 ( ) г 1 ( ) г 2 г 3 г 4 CMM г 5  

. (Capability Maturity Model) - ' - , SEI (Software Engineering Institute).

ֳ .

, 5.

 

5.

 

 

  , SFj
  Very Low Low Nominal High Very High Extra High
 
1. PREC 6,20 4,96 3,72 2,48 1,24 0,00
2. FLEX 5,07 4,05 3,04 2,03 1,01 0,00
3. RESL 7,07 5,65 4,24 2,83 1,41 0,00
4. TEAM 5,48 4,38 3,29 2,19 1,10 0,00
5. PMAT 7,80 6,24 4,68 3,12 1,56 0,00

 

2.2.2 (Effort Multipliers)

 

ʳ .

1. (Early Design). EMj:

- :

1. PERS (Personnel Capability) - (Extra Low - , 45%; Extra High - , 4%);

2. PREX (Personnel Experience) - (Extra Low - , ; Extra High - , );

- :

1. RCPX (Product Reliability and Complexity) - (Extra Low - , , , ; Extra High - , , , );

2. RUSE (Developed for Reusability) - (Low - ; Extra High - );

- :

1. PDIF (Platform Difficulty) - (Extra Low - ' 䳿 , ; Extra High - ' 䳿, );

- :

1. FCIL (Facilities) - (Extra Low - , ; Extra High - , );

2. SCED (Required Development Schedule) - (Very Low - 75% ; Very High - 160% ).

. 6.

 

6. (EarlyDesign)

 

  , EMi
Extra Low Very Low Low Nominal High Very High Extra High
 
  PERS 2,12 1,62 1,26 1,00 0,83 0,63 0,50
  PREX 1,59 1,33 1,22 1,00 0,87 0,74 0,62
  RCPX 0,49 0,60 0,83 1,00 1,33 1,91 2,72
  RUSE n/a n/a 0,95 1,00 1,07 1,15 1,24
  PDIF n/a n/a 0,87 1,00 1,29 1,81 2,61
  FCIL 1,43 1,30 1,10 1,00 0,87 0,73 0,62
  SCED n/a 1,43 1,14 1,00 1,00 n/a n/a

 

: n / a (not available) - ,

 

2. (Post Architecture). EMj:

- :

1) Analyst Capability (ACAP) - ;

2) Applications Experience (AEXP) - ;

3) Programmer Capability (PCAP) - ;

4) Personnel Continuity (PCON) - ;

5) Platform Experience (PEXP) - ;

6) Language and Tool Experience (LTEX) - .

- :

7) Required Software Reliability (RELY) - ;

8) Database Size (DATA) - ;

9) Software Product Complexity (CPLX) - ;

10) Required Reusability (RUSE) - ;

11) Documentation Match to Life-Cycle Needs (DOCU) - .

- :

12) Execution Time Constraint (TIME) - ;

13) Main Storage Constraint (STOR) - ';

14) Platform Volatility (PVOL) - .

- :

15) Use of Software Tools (TOOL) - ;

16) Multisite Development (SITE) - () ;

17) Required Development Schedule (SCED) - .

. 7.

 

7. (Post Architecture)

 

Effort Multiplier, EMj Very Low Low Nominal High Very High Extra High  
  Personnel Factors    
  ACAP Analyst Capability 1,42 1,29 1,00 0,85 0,71 n/a    
  AEXP Applications Experience 1,22 1,10 1,00 0,88 0,81 n/a    
  PCAP Programmer Capability 1,34 1,15 1,00 0,88 0,76 n/a    
  PCON Personnel Continuity 1,29 1,12 1,00 0,90 0,81 n/a    
  PEXP Platform Experience 1,19 1,09 1,00 0,91 0,85 n/a    
  LTEX Language and Tool Experience 1,20 1,09 1,00 0,91 0,84 n/a    
  Product Factors    
  RELY Required Software Reliability 0,84 0,92 1,00 1,10 1,26 n/a    
  DATA Database Size n/a 0,23 1,00 1,14 1,28 n/a    
  CPLX Software Product Complexity 0,73 0,87 1,00 1,17 1,34 1,74    
  RUSE Required Reusability n/a 0,95 1,00 1,07 1,15 1,24    
  DOCU Documentation Match to Life-Cycle Needs 0,81 0,91 1,00 1,11 1,23 n/a    
  Platform Factors    
  TIME Execution Time Constraint n/a n/a 1,00 1,11 1,29 1,63    
  STOR Main Storage Constraint n/a n/a 1,00 1,05 1,17 1,46    
  PVOL Platform Volatility n/a 0,87 1,00 1,15 1,30 n/a    
  Project Factors    
  TOOL Use of Software Tools 1,17 1,09 1,00 0,90 0,78 n/a    
  SITE Multisite Development 1,22 1,09 1,00 0,93 0,86 0,80    
  SCED Required Development Schedule 1,43 1,14 1,00 1,00 1,00 n/a    
   
                                               

 

: n / a (not available) - ,

 

2.2.3

 

TM COCOMO II :

,

= 3,67; D = 0,28;

PMNS SCED, .

.

 

 


 

 

 

1. , COCOMO .

2. (SIZE) () () COCOMO.

3. PM SIZE, () . , .

4. .

 

 


 

˲

 

1. , . , 6- .: . . - .: ³, 2002. - 624 .

2. .. - : . - : , 2014. - 30 . [ ]. - :

http://asu.tusur.ru/learning/spec080801/d26/s080801_d26_work.docx

3. .. : . - : , 2002. - 231 .


 

 

()

 

COCOMO

 

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