S0298, /(. ) | S298. /(. ) | ||
2,44 | 2 | 188,72 | |
5,69 | N2 | 191,49 | |
3 | 70,3 | ||
()2 | 76,1 | 88,7 | |
Fe | 27,2 | NH3 | 192,50 |
Ti | 30,7 | 197,91 | |
S (.) | 31,9 | 22 | 200,82 |
2 | 205,03 | ||
Ti2 | 50,3 | H2S | 205,64 |
FeO | 54,0 | NO | 210,20 |
H2 () | 69,94 | 2 | 213,65 |
Fe23 | 89,96 | 24 | 219,45 |
NH4C1 | 94,5 | Cl2 | 222,95 |
3 | 126,8 | N2 | 240,46 |
H2 | 130,59 | PCl3 | 311,66 |
Fe34 | 146,4 | PCl5 | 352,71 |
CH4 | 186,19 | MgO | 26,24 |
HC1 | 186,68 | 26 | 229,5 |
C2H5OH | 160,7 | 39,7 |
4
( 298 )
ΔfG0, / | Δf H0, / | Δf G0, / | Δf H0, / | ||
Ag+ 13+ 2+ r- 3O- CN- 32- 2+ Cd2+ l- ClO3- 2+ r3+ rO42- Cs+ Cu+ Cu2+ F- Fe2+ Fe3+ H+ H- O3- Hg2+ S- | 77,10 489,80 547,50 104,04 369,37 171,58 527,60 552,70 77,65 131,29 0,19 53,64 223,06 720,91 291,96 50,00 65,56 276,48 84,88 10,54 0,0 334,70 587,06 164,68 12,59 | 105,75 529,69 524,05 121,50 485,67 150,62 676,64 542,66 75.31 167,07 92,56 56,61 235,91 875,42 258,08 72,80 66,94 333,84 87,86 47,70 0,0 410,00 691,11 173,47 17,66 | HSO3- HSO4- I- IO-3 K+ Li+ Mg2+ Mn2+ MnO-4 NH+4 NO2- NO3- Na+ Ni2+ OH PO43- Pb2+ Rb+ S2 Sn2+ SO42- Sr2+ Tl+ Zn2+ | 527,30 752,87 51,76 135,60 282,62 292,86 455,24 229,91 425,10 79,50 35,35 110,80 261,90 45,56 157,35 1025,50 24.30 282,21 85,40 -26,24 742,99 560,97 -32,43 147,16 | 627,98 885,75 55,94 230,10 252,17 278,45 461,75 220,50 518,40 132,80 106,30 206,57 229,94 53,14 229,94 1284,1 1,63 246,40 32,64 10,23 907,51 545,51 5,52 153,64 |
5
() () .
, / | ||||
0,52 1,85 | 1,22 1,99 | 2,53 5,12 | 5,02 29,8 |
6
(T = 298 K).
Eo,B | ||
Li+/Li Rb+/Rb K+/K Cs+/Cs Ra2+/Ra Ba2+/Ba Ca2+/Ca Na+/Na La3+/La Mg2+/Mg Be2+/Be Al3+/Al Ti2+/Ti V2+/V Mn2+/Mn Cr2+/Cr Zn2+/Zn Cr3+/Cr Fe2+/Fe Cd2+/Cd Co2+/Co Ni2+/Ni Sn2+/Sn Pb2+/Pb Fe3+/Fe H+/H Ge2+/Ge Cu2+/Cu O2/OH- Cu+/Cu Ag+/Ag Hg2+/Hg Pd2+/Pd Br2/Br- Pt2+/Pt O2/H2O Cl2/Cl- Au3+/Au Au+/Au H2/H- F2/F- | Li++e ↔Li Rb++e ↔Pb K++e↔ K Cs++e ↔Cs Ra2++2e ↔Ra Ba2++2e↔ Ba Ca2++2e ↔Ca Na++e ↔Na La3++3e↔ La Mg2++2e ↔Mg Be2++2e ↔Be Al3++3e↔ Al Ti2++2e ↔Ti V2++2e ↔V Mn2++2e ↔Mn Cr2++2e ↔Cr Zn2++2e ↔Zn Cr3++3e ↔Cr Fe2++2e↔ Fe Cd2++2e↔ Cd Co2++2e↔ Co Ni2++2e↔ Ni Sn2++2e↔ Sn Pb2++2e ↔Pb Fe3++3e ↔Fe H++e ↔H Ge2++2e ↔Ge Cu2++2e ↔Cu 1/2O2+H2O +2e ↔2OH- Cu++e ↔Cu Ag++e ↔Ag Hg2++2e ↔Hg Pb2++2e ↔Pb 1/2Br+e ↔Br- Pt2++2e ↔Pt O2+4H++4e ↔2H2O 1/2Cl2+e↔ Cl- Au3++3e ↔Au Au++e ↔Au 1/2H2+e ↔H- 1/2F2+e↔ F- | -3,045 -2,925 -2,925 -2,923 -2,916 -2,906 -2,866 -2,714 -2,525 -2,363 -1,847 -1,662 -1,628 -1,186 -1,180 -0,913 -0,763 -0,744 -0,440 -0,403 -0,277 -0,250 -0,136 -0,126 -0,036 +0,000 +0,010 +0,337 +0,401 +0,521 +0,799 +0,854 +0,987 +1,065 +1,200 +1,229 +1,359 +1,498 +1,691 +2,200 +2,866 |
|
|
7
- (T = 298 )
φ, | |
Cr3+ + e↔ Cr2+ | - 0,408 |
In3+ + e↔ In2+ | - 0,400 |
Ti3+ + e↔ Ti2+ | - 0,368 |
V3+ + e↔ V2+ | - 0,256 |
Sn4+ + 2e↔ Sn2+ | + 0,150 |
Cu2++ e ↔ CiT | + 0,153 |
SO42-+4O- + 8e ↔ H2S(p) + 4H20 | + 0,303 |
[Fe(CN)6]3 +e↔ [Fe(CN)(i]4- | + 0,360 |
I-3+ 2e ↔ 3I- | + 0,536 |
Fe3+ + e↔ Fe2+ | + 0,77 |
HNO3(p) + 9H+ + 8↔ NH 4+ + 3H2O | + 0,920 |
2Hg2+ + 2e↔ Hg22+ | + 0,920 |
NO3-+ 2H++ 2e ↔ NO2-+ H20 | + 0,940 |
ClO4-= 2H++ 2e ↔ ClO3-= H20 | + 1,190 |
Tl3++ 2e ↔ l+ | + 1,250 |
Cr2O72-+ 14+ + 6 ↔ 2r3++ 7H2O | + 1,330 |
PbO2 + 4H+ + 2 ↔ Pb2t + 2H2O | + 1,455 |
MnO4-+ 8H++ 5e ↔ Mn2++ 4H2O | + 1,510 |
PbO2 + 4H+ + SO2-+ 2e ↔ PbSO4 + 2H2O | + 1,685 |
H2O2(p) + 2H++ 2e↔ 2H2O | + 1,776 |
Co3+ + e↔ Co2+ | + 1,810 |
S2O82-+2e↔ 2SO42- | + 2,010 |
8
Na+ K+ Li+ | NH4+ | Cu2+ | Ag+ | Mg2+ | Ca2+ | Si2+ | Ba2+ | Zn2+ | Hg2+ | Al3+ | Sn2+ | Pb2+ | Bi3+ | Cr3+ | Mn2+ | Fe3+ | Fe2+ | |
Cl- | P | P | P | P | H | P | P | P | P | P | M | P | ||||||
r- | P | P | P | P | H | P | P | P | M | P | P | M | P | |||||
I- | P | P | P | - | H | P | P | P | P | H | P | P | H | H | - | |||
NO3- | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | - | -. | |||||||
CH3COO | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | - | P | - | - | - | ||||
S2- | P | P | P | H | H | - | P | P | H | H | - | H | H | H | - | H | H | |
SO33- | P | P | P | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | - | H | H | - | H | - | |
SO 42- | P | P | P | P | M | p | M | H | H | - | P | H | - | |||||
CO32- | P | P | P | - | H | H | H | H | H | H | - | - | - | H | H | - | H | - |
SiO32- | P | P | - | - | - | H | H | H | H | H | - | H | - | H | - | H | H | |
CrO4 2- | P | P | P | H | H | M | M | H | H | H | - | - | H | H | H | - | ||
PO43- | H | P | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | H | |
OH- | P | P | P | H | - | H | M | M | H | - | H | H | H | H | H | H | H |
|
|
1. , .. : 2- / .. , .. . - . - .: , 2012. - 256.
2. , .. : . .: -, 2013.
.., : . : . .. , 2014 . 164.
4., .. : - / .. , .. , .. . : , 2011.
5. , .. : / .. , .. . : , 2010.
6. .., .. : . .: , 2014.
. .
. .
60× 90 1/16. . Times New Roman.
. . ._ 13,9 __ .- . . ___ __ . ______
___________________________________________________________
-
606340, , . , . , 22
[1] , , .