, , . . . , ( (ΔrH)) , (ΔrG). , .
.
(max) (pΔV), .. (Amax). G=HTS TS=HG, (HG). . . , . S:
S=HG/T, , (HG) .
. , ( ). ∆G = 0, . , ( ). . , ( , ), ∆G. , , .. ∆G=∆G. . .
ΔH < 0 ΔS > 0, ΔG < 0 .
ΔH > 0 ΔS < 0, ΔG > 0, .
ΔH < 0 ΔS < 0, : ΔG = ΔH - ΔS∙T< 0, - ΔS∙T< - ΔH, T< ΔH / ΔS
ΔH > 0 ΔS > 0, : ΔG = ΔH - ΔS∙T< 0, ΔS∙T> ΔH, T>ΔH / ΔS
:
1. | ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0 ΔG < 0 | C2H5OC2H5 + 6O2 = 4CO2 + 5H2O ( ) |
2. | ΔH > 0, ΔS < 0 ΔG > 0 | 2 1 = 2, + 12, ( ) |
3. | ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0 ΔG > 0, ΔG < 0 | N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 ( , T< ΔH / ΔS) |
4. | ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0 ΔG > 0, ΔG < 0 | N2O4() = 2NO2() ( , T>ΔH / ΔS). |
, - ( ) . : ΔfG0(H2) = 0. , . , . G, .. ΔG. ΔG , , . , .
|
|
. . : , , , . ( ). , : , , . .6.1. . , (DmS), (DvS). , (DG = 0). , DG = D-DS =0 D = DS.
. 6.1. .