Asyndetic sentence: a sentence whose clauses are not connected either by a conjunction or by any other connective (compare Syndetic sentence)
Complex sentence: a sentence containing one or more subordinate clauses
Composite sentence: a sentence consisting of more than one clause, whether compound or complex
Compound sentence: a sentence consisting of two or more co-ordinated clauses
Correlation: a name suggested for the grammatical category which finds its expression in the difference between non-perfect and perfect forms, e. g. took / had taken
Functional sentence perspective: division of a sentence into its theme (the starting point) and rheme (the new information supplied)
Junction: a connection of two words or phrases without any predicative relation between them, as in a new house, a barking dog
Nexus: any connection of two words or phrases with a predicative relation between them, as in he spoke; I heard him speak
Opposition: any relation between two grammatical forms differing in meaning and in external signs, e. g. street / streets; take / took
Rheme: that element of a sentence which contains the new information; opposed to theme (see also Functional sentence perspective)
Stative: a part of speech expressing the state a subject is in, and characterised by the prefix a-, e. g. asleep, ablaze, astir
Syndetic sentence: a composite sentence whose clauses are connected either by a conjunction or by some other connective (mainly a relative pronoun or relative adverb)
Theme: that element of a sentence which contains the starting point, as opposed to rheme (see also Functional sentence perspective)
SUBJECT INDEX
ABLAUT 357
ABSOLUTE CONSTRUCTION 260—263
ADJECTIVE 23, 26, 29, 58-65
adjectivisation of nouns 64—65
degrees of comparison 58—61
prepositions and adjectives 150— 151
special meaning of the superlative 62—63
substantivisation 63—64 ADVERB 25, 31—32, 146-148
~ and proposition 153
~ or particle 162—163 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 286—302
~ of concession 297—298
~ of manner and comparison
298-301
~ of place 287—288 ~ of purpose 296—297 ~ of result 295—296 ~ of time 288—292 causal ~ 292—293 conditional ~ 293—294 other types 301—302
ADVERBIAL MODIFIER 211—216, 225—
230, 243—246
loose ~ 236—237 AGREEMENT 175—176 ALTERNATION 18, 25
APPOSITION 231, 237 loose ~ 237, 307
APPOSITIONAL CLAUSES 303—304 ARTICLE 49—57
absence of the ~ 55—57
definite ~ 52—53
definite ~ with the superlative
61-62 difference between the definite
and the indefinite ~ 54—55 indefinite ~ 53—54 number and meaning 50—51
ASPECT 76—85
common ~ 80, 84—85
continuous ~ 76—85 ASYNDETIC COMPOSITE SENTENCES
331-335
different types of mixed sentences 326—327 ATTRIBUTE 28—31, 72, 73, 213—216,
221-224
loose ~ 235—236 ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSES 284—285, 307,
313, 320-321 AUXILIARY VERBS 25, 35 CASE 24, 28-29, 41-47, 66-69,
355-356
~ in pronouns 66—69
common ~ 42
genitive ~ 24, 42—48
objective ~ 66—69 CLAUSE 270—274
~ of alternative agreement 301
~ of consequence 295
~ of exception 302
~ of manner and comparison 298-301
~ of proportionate agreement 301
adverbial ~ 286—302
appositional ~ 303—304
contact ~ 320
declarative ~ 365—366
object ~ 279—284
parenthetical ~ 304—305
predicative ~ 276—277
relative ~ 271, 273—274
subject ~ 275—276
that- ~ 308—310 COLLECTIVE NOUNS 39—41 COMPLEX SENTENCE 269—274, 319 COMPOSITE SENTENCE 264—265
syndetic ~ 264—265 COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES 317 COMPOUND NOMINAL PREDICATE
207—210
COMPOUND SENTENCES 265—268 COMPOUND VERBAL PREDICATE 204—
207 CONJUNCTION 32—33, 34, 156—159
prepositions and conjunctions 157-159
phrases equivalent to prepositions and conjunctions 179— 181
types of conjunctions 316
CONJUNCTIONAL PHRASES 178—181
CONTINUOUS ASPECT: see Aspect
CO-ORDINATED AND SUBORDINATED CLAUSES 316
CORRELATION 93—94
DECLARATIVE CLAUSES 265—266
DERIVATION OF WORD FORMS (TYPES OF) 24—26 analytical types 25—28 suppletive formations 26 synthetic types 24—25
DIRECT ADDRESS 231-232, 247
ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES 252—253
ENDINGS 23—25
FORM 27
FORMAL WORDS 34—35
FUNCTION 28
Subject Index
FUNCTIONAL SENTENCE PERSPECTIVE 191 — 197
GERUND 130—132, 135—136 GOVERNMENT 176 GRAMMAR AND STYLE 354—359 GRAMMATICAL STATEMENTS 9—10 HIGHER SYNTACTICAL UNITS 346—348 HOMOGENEOUS CLAUSES 314 HOMONYMOUS FORMS 137—143
INDIRECT SPEECH 282, 334—336 INFINITIVE 130—132
~ as adverbial modifier 227— 229
~ sentences 251—252
INFLECTION 23—24
INFORMS 25, 31, 130—132, 135—136
INSERTED CLAUSES 325—327 INSERTIONS 233—235 INTERJECTION 33—34, 166—167 INTERROGATIVE FORMS 126—127
JUNCTION 260
LOOSE PARTS 235-236
MEANING 27—28
MODAL WORDS 33, 164—165
MOOD 99-113
imperative ~ 101 —102
indicative ~ 99—101
~ and tense 110—113 MORPHEME 21—23, 49 MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSES OF VERBS:
see VERB MORPHOLOGY 11—13, 21—26, 355—358
NEGATIVE FORMS 125—126 NEXUS 260
NOTIONAL WORDS 34—35 NOUN 28, 36—48, 355—356
adjectivisation 64—65
case 41—47
collective nouns 39—40
nouns of multitude 39—40
number 36—41 NOUN CLAUSES 271
NUMBER 24, 36-41, 47-48, 123-
~ in nouns 28, 36—41, 47—48
~ in pronouns 69—70
~ in verbs 123—125
NUMERAL 30, 72—73
OBJECT 28-30, 31, 211-213, 217- 221 257 259
OBJECT CLAUSES 279-284, 307-308 prepositional ~ 282—283
OBJECTIVE PREDICATIVE: See PREDICATIVE
ONE-MEMBER SENTENCES 250—251
infinitive sentences 251—252 OPPOSITION
ORDER OF SENTENCE PARTS: see WORD ORDER
PARALLELISM OF SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS 310—312
PARENTHESES 233—235 loose ~ 237
PARENTHETICAL CLAUSES 304—305,
PARTICIPLE 24
~ or gerund 135—136
continuous ~ 131
second ~ 132—135 PARTICIPLE SENTENCES 202—204 PARTICLES 32—33, 160—163, 247—249 PARTS OF A SENTENCE 187—190,
198—247
main parts 198—210
predicate 198—210
secondary parts 211—230
subject 198—200
PARTS OF SPEECH 27—35 PERFECT 90—98 PERSON 123-125 PHRASES 171—181
~ equivalent to prepositions and
conjunctions 179—181 agreement 175—176 government 176
PLURALIA TANTUM 37—39
PREDICATE 198-210, 229-230, 238—
types 200—202 PREDICATIVE 28-30, 66-67, 73, 260
objective ~ 74, 260
PREDICATIVE PHRASES 172—173 PREFIXES 16—19
PREPOSITION 31-32, 35, 149-155, 157—159
phrases equivalent to prepositions and conjunctions 179-181 prepositions and conjunctions
31—32, 157—159 PRONOUN 26, 29-30, 66-72 case 66—69 classification 66 limits of the pronoun class 71—
number 69—70 types 70—71 PUNCTUATION 336—345
RHEME 192-197, 202, 240, 243-246, 252-253,282, 316
Subject Index
REPRESENTATION 351—352 REPRESENTED SPEECH 334—335
SECONDARY PREDICATION 257—263 SENTENCE 182—190
~ and clause 188—190
~ with a dependent appendix
255—257 ~ with homogeneous parts
254-255 ~ with secondary predication
257_ 260
classification 183—188 elliptical ~ 190, 252—253 imperative ~ 185—187 infinitive ~ 251—252 negative ~ 188—189 one-member ~ 250—251 participle ~ 202—204 parts of a ~ 189—190, 198—247 simple ~ 188—189 types of simple ~ 189—190 SEQUENCE OF TENSES 328—332 SINGULARIA TANTUM 38—39 SOUND ALTERNATION 18, 25
STATIVE 30—31, 74—75
STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 10—11
STYLE 354—359 SUBJECT 28—29
SUBJECT CLAUSES 275—276, 306—307 SUBORDINATE CLAUSES 270—274,
320-321
SUBORDINATE STATEMENTS 272—274 SUBSTANTIVE CLAUSES 272
SUBSTITUTION 252—253
SUFFIXES 15—17, 23, 46
SYNDETIC COMPOSITE SENTENCES
264—268 SYNTAX 12—15, 358—359
TENSE 86—88
general definition 86—87
THAT -CLAUSES 308—310
THEME 192—193, 196—197, 201— 202, 245-246, 281-282
TRANSITION FROM SIMPLE TO COMPOSITE SENTENCES 254—263
VERB 9—10, 15—16, 31—35, 76,
355—358
emphatic do -forms 127—128
interrogative forms 126—127
morphological classes 144—145
negative forms 125—126
number 123—124
person 123—124 VERBALS 130—136, 138, 141
second participle 132—135
tense and correlation 131—132
voice 132 VOICE 114—122
active and passive ~ 115
middle ~ 119-122
reciprocal ~ 118—119
reflexive ~ 116—118 WORD-BUILDING 15—18 WORD ORDER 238—249
general points 238 secondary parts 241—249 subject and predicate 238—241
CONTENTS
Preface to the Second Edition............................................................................... 3
Preface to the First Edition..................................................................................... 3
Introduction.............................................................................................................. 5
Part One. Morphology
Chapter I. Essentials of Morphology........................................................... 21
Chapter II. Parts of Speech............................................................................ 27
Chapter III. The Noun..................................................................................... 36
Chapter IV. The Article................................................................................... 49
Chapter V. The Adjective............................................................................... 58
Chapter VI. The Pronoun and the Numeral................................... 66
Chapter VII. The Stative......:................................................. 74
Chapter VIII. The Verb: Aspect.................................................................... 76
Chapter IX. The Verb: Tense......................................................................... 86
Chapter X. The Verb: The Perfect................................................. 90
Chapter XI. The Verb: Mood......................................................................... 99
Chapter XII. The Verb: Voice..............................................114
Chapter XIII. The Verb: Person and Number. Other Morphological
Categories............................................. 123
Chapter XIV. The Verb: Verbals................................................................... 130
Chapter XV. The Verb: Polysemantic and Homonymous Forms.. 137 Chapter XVI. The Verb: The Problem of Morphological Classes.. 144
Chapter XVII. The Adverb............................................................................ 146
Chapter XVIII. The Preposition..................................................................... 149
Chapter XIX. The Conjunction..................................................................... 156
Chapter XX. The Particle................................................................................. 160
Chapter XXI. Modal Words............................................................................ 164
Chapter XXII. The Interjection. Words Not Included in the Classification 166
Part Two. Syntax
Chapter XXIII. Phrases.................................................................................. 171
Chapter XXIV. The Sentence........................................................................ 182
Chapter XXV. Functional Sentence Perspective......................................... 191
Chapter XXVI. Parts of a Sentence. The Main Parts.............................. 198
Chapter XXVII. Secondary Parts.................................................................. 211
Chapter XXVIII. Secondary Parts in Detail................................................ 217
Chapter XXIX. The Apposition, Direct Address, Parentheses, and Insertions. Loose Parts 231
Chapter XXX. Word Order.............................................................................. 238
Chapter XXXI. One-member Sentences and Elliptical Sentences.. 250 Chapter XXXII. Transition from Simple to Composite Sentences.. 254 Chapter XXXIII. The Composite Sentence. Compound Sentences.. 264
Chapter XXXIV. Complex Sentences.......................................................... 269
Chapter XXXV. Subject Predicative Clauses.............................................. 275
Chapter XXXVI. Object Clauses and Attributive Clauses........................ 279
Chapter XXXVII. Adverbial Clauses............................................................ 286
Chapter XXXVIII. Appositional Clauses and Parenthetical Clauses. 303 Chapter XXXIX. Some General Remarks on Syndetic Composite Sentences............................................................................................... 306
Chapter XL. Asyndetic Composite Sentences. Inserted Clauses... 318
Chapter XLI. Sequence of Tenses................................................................. 328
Chapter XLII. Indirect and Represented Speech....................................... 331
Chapter XLIII. Punctuation.......................................................................... 336
Conclusion................................................................................................................ 346
A List of Some Less Familiar Terms..................................................................... 362
Subject Index............................................................................................................ 363
Борис Александрович Ильиш
