, . ʳ . :
() ;
( );
;
.
() Turbo Pascal, , ( , ).
' :
' (, ), ,
(, ), ,
, ( ).
Turbo Pascal :
for i:=k1 to k2 do
;
ᒺ i, k1, k2 . i ( ) k1 k2 , ( to). - , ( to downto). , , , 1 -1. ᒺ , while-do repeat-until. ҳ . ³ ( ) ( ), ( , , delay).
: . . ( ) .
ex 
1.
1) x - , -5 5 1.
2) () exp(x). x : x=x+h, h=1.
n : 
.
3) 
:
 | |||
4) 
: a, b, h, x, y - , i, n - .
5) :
Program p3;
var a, b, h, x, y: real; i, n: integer;
Begin
writeln(' , ');
Readln(a,b,h);
|
|
|
n:=trunc((b-a)/h+1);
x:=a;
writeln(' ');
writeln('____________________________');
writeln('| x | y |');
for i:=1 to n do begin
y:=exp(x);
writeln('|',x:4:0,' |',y,' |');
x:=x+h;
End;
writeln('____________________________');
End.
6) : x=0 y=ex 1.
7) :
,
-5 5 1
____________________________
| x | y |
| -5 | 6.7379469991E-03 |
| -4 | 1.8315638889E-02 |
| -3 | 4.9787068368E-02 |
| -2 | 1.3533528324E-01 |
| -1 | 3.6787944117E-01 |
| 0 | 1.0000000000E+00 |
| 1 | 2.7182818285E+00 |
| 2 | 7.3890560989E+00 |
| 3 | 2.0085536923E+01 |
| 4 | 5.4598150033E+01 |
| 5 | 1.4841315910E+02 |
____________________________
1. tg(x) (0,45) 5.
2. c n - (n<9) a.
3. (A, B) .
4. n 
.
5. n 1*2*3+2*3*4++ n *(n +1)*(n +2).
6. k k!! 
7. m m2, : 12=1, 22=1+3, 32=1+3+5,...
8. n<10 y=1!+2!+3!++n!.
9. , 䒺 , , 3 .
10. n 
.
11. , [2, n ].
12. m .
13. , n , , . , 6 : 6=1+2+3.
14. n 
.
15. , .
16. , , .
17. k, l, m , k2 + l2 = m2. n , n.
18. 10, 20,..., 250 , , 1 = 453 .
19. .
20. .
21. , n .
22. n b q.
23. 1000 - 10000, .
24. , .
25. , . .
|
|
|
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ?
8. ?
9. , ?
10. , ?
11. ?
12. ?
4 ²
, 䳿, . Turbo Pascal : .
while do . :
while _ do
;
_ True, () , , .
ϲ repeat until . :
Repeat
1;
2;
until _;
ҳ , _ True.
Turbo Pascal break, . ij , .
: . 䳿 , .
: 
e.
1) ij e<1 , n - () , e.
2) k =1,2, 
e. ak <e, n .
3) :
 |
4) : eps - ; n, k - .
5) :
Program p4;
var n,k: integer; eps: real;
Begin
writeln(' eps < 1');
Readln(eps);
k:=0;
n:=0;
while (k+1)/(k+2)<eps do
Begin
n:=n+1;
k:=k+1
End;
writeln(' ',n,' ',eps);
End.
6) :
e=0.81 e.
7) :
eps < 1
0.95
18 9.5000000000E-01
1. ( > ). , .
2. >0 e, 
, xn - , xn+1 - . /2.
3. ³, : , - , . , . , , , m .
|
|
|
4. , m . s , - k . ?
5. 
k , .
6. n . , , %.
7. 
ε >0 p, , 
.
8. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 64. ( ).
9. ( ): 
(=1). , ε >0.
10. 
( 
). , ε >0.
11. 
k , ε.
12. 
( 
). , ε >0.
13. 
k , ε >0.
14. : 
; 
. , m , m.
15. 
k , ε.
16. a1 , a2 ,.. : 
䒺 , b .
17. n 0 66. , , .
18. ij x, ε , x >1, ε >0. ε 
. , , ε.
19. sin(x) ε, 
. , sin.
20. cos(x) ε, 
. , cos.
21. p ε, 1 , - ( ). (0,1) . ʳ ε.
22. ε, 
. , exp.
23. , .
|
|
|
24. f(x)=0 [ a, b ] 쳿 ( ) ε.
25. a, b () .
1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. , ?
6. ? ?
7. ?
8. / , /, / ?
9. while-do- repeat-until- for-to-do-?
10. ?
11. , ?
12. , do ;?
13. ? ?
5 ²
Turbo Pascal ᒺ, ᒺ ( ) ( ) . (integer) (shortint, byte, word, longint), (real) (single, double, comp, extended), (boolean), (char), . (array), (string), (set), (record), (file).
- , . , . , . ' , , , ( ) . - . , .. ᒺ - .
:
var ': array[_.. _] of _;
:
var ':array[_1.._1,
_2.._2] of _;
: (_) - . . , , . , , .
( , , , .) ( , .).
. z, .
1) ³ A z.
2) 
, 
3)
4) : A B - 3 4; z - ; i, j - .
5) :
Program p5;
var i,j: integer; z: real;
A,B: array[1..4,1..3] of real;
Begin
writeln(' z');
Readln(z);
writeln(' A 4 3');
for i:=1 to 4 do
Begin
for j:=1 to 3 do
read(A[i,j]);
Readln
End;
for i:=1 to 4 do
for j:=1 to 3 do
B[i,j]:=A[i,j]/z;
for i:=1 to 4 do
Begin
for j:=1 to 3 do
write(B[i,j]);
Writeln
End;
Readln
End.
6) :
z=2
A 4 3
|
|
|
2 4 6
2 6 6
4 2 4
2 2 2
1 2 3
1 3 3
2 1 2
1 1 1
7) :
z
A 4 3
2 6 8
3 5 9
3 5 4
2 7 10
6.6666666667E-01 2.0000000000E+00 2.6666666667E+00
1.0000000000E+00 1.6666666667E+00 3.0000000000E+00
1.0000000000E+00 1.6666666667E+00 1.3333333333E+00
6.6666666667E-01 2.3333333333E+00 3.3333333333E+00
1. , , .
2. . .
3. , . .
4. 
, 
- k - .
5. , , , .
6. , n - , , , .
7. . , .
8. .
9. .
10. .
11. .
12. m . m .
13. , .
14. 
, . , 
.
15. , , , , .
16. ( 10) .
17. 
.
18. X n . X, 䒺 , 䒺, .
19., .
20. 
.
21. . , .
22. . , .
23. , . 1000 [1,7], , , .
24. . (, , ).
25. . t n (n =100,200,300,400,500) , , .
1. ?
2. Turbo Pascal ?
3. ? ? ?
4. ? ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ? ? ?
8. ? ? ?
9. ?
10. () ?
11. ?
12. ?
13. ? , 24?
14. ?
15. ? ?
16. ᒺ ?
